Micro-scale flow on naturally occurring and engineered functional surfaces

The deposition and controlled flow of continuous thin liquid film droplets on surfaces containing complex microscale surface patterning (either man-made or naturally occurring) plays a key part in numerous engineering and biologically related fields. For example, in an engineering context, complex surface patterning is present in processes involving printing/photolithography [1] and the application of precision protective coatings [2]; in biological systems they occur in such diverse areas as plant disease control [3], in redistribution of lung linings in respiratory systems [4], and in sustaining life itself, as in the unusual case of the Namibian desert beetle which drinks by harvesting morning mists [5] -- the mist condenses on hydrophilic bumps on its upper surface to form larger droplets which then roll down waxy hydrophobic channels between the bumps to reach the beetle's mouth.