Scardoni, C.E., Booth, R.A. orcid.org/0000-0002-0364-937X and Clarke, C.J. (2021) The effect of the streaming instability on protoplanetary disc emission at millimetre wavelengths. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 504 (1). pp. 1495-1510. ISSN 0035-8711
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate whether overdensity formation via streaming instability is consistent with recent multiwavelength Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) observations in the Lupus star-forming region. We simulate the local action of streaming instability in 2D using the code ATHENA, and examine the radiative properties at mm wavelengths of the resulting clumpy dust distribution by focusing on two observable quantities: the optically thick fraction ff (in ALMA band 6) and the spectral index α (in bands 3–7). By comparing the simulated distribution in the ff–α plane before and after the action of streaming instability, we observe that clump formation causes ff to drop, because of the suppression of emission from grains that end up in optically thick clumps. α, instead, can either increase or decline after the action of streaming instability; we use a simple toy model to demonstrate that this behaviour depends on the sizes of the grains whose emission is suppressed by being incorporated in optically thick clumps. In particular, the sign of evolution of α depends on whether grains near the opacity maximum at a few tenths of a mm end up in clumps. By comparing the simulation distributions before/after clump formation to the data distribution, we note that the action of streaming instability drives simulations towards the area of the plane where the data are located. We furthermore demonstrate that this behaviour is replicated in integrated disc models provided that the instability is operative over a region of the disc that contributes significantly to the total mm flux.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Keywords: | accretion, accretion discs, hydrodynamics, instabilities, planets and satellites: formation, protoplanetary discs, circumstellar matter |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences (Leeds) > School of Physics and Astronomy (Leeds) > Astrophysics (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 01 Jul 2024 10:35 |
Last Modified: | 01 Jul 2024 10:35 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Oxford University Press |
Identification Number: | 10.1093/mnras/stab854 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:213870 |