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Law, CJ, Loomis, RA, Teague, R et al. (32 more authors) (2021) Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS). III. Characteristics of Radial Chemical Substructures. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 257 (1). 3. ISSN 0067-0049
Abstract
The Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) Large Program provides a detailed, high-resolution (∼10–20 au) view of molecular line emission in five protoplanetary disks at spatial scales relevant for planet formation. Here we present a systematic analysis of chemical substructures in 18 molecular lines toward the MAPS sources: IM Lup, GM Aur, AS 209, HD 163296, and MWC 480. We identify more than 200 chemical substructures, which are found at nearly all radii where line emission is detected. A wide diversity of radial morphologies—including rings, gaps, and plateaus—is observed both within each disk and across the MAPS sample. This diversity in line emission profiles is also present in the innermost 50 au. Overall, this suggests that planets form in varied chemical environments both across disks and at different radii within the same disk. Interior to 150 au, the majority of chemical substructures across the MAPS disks are spatially coincident with substructures in the millimeter continuum, indicative of physical and chemical links between the disk midplane and warm, elevated molecular emission layers. Some chemical substructures in the inner disk and most chemical substructures exterior to 150 au cannot be directly linked to dust substructure, however, which indicates that there are also other causes of chemical substructures, such as snowlines, gradients in UV photon fluxes, ionization, and radially varying elemental ratios. This implies that chemical substructures could be developed into powerful probes of different disk characteristics, in addition to influencing the environments within which planets assemble. This paper is part of the MAPS special issue of the Astrophysical Journal Supplement.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2021. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article published in Astrophysical Journal Supplement. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The Version of Record is available online at https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ac1434 |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences (Leeds) > School of Physics and Astronomy (Leeds) > Astrophysics (Leeds) |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number STFC (Science and Technology Facilities Council) ST/R000549/1 STFC (Science and Technology Facilities Council) ST/T000287/1 MRC (Medical Research Council) MR/T040726/1 |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 12 Nov 2021 11:35 |
Last Modified: | 01 Nov 2022 01:15 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | IOP Publishing |
Identification Number: | 10.3847/1538-4365/ac1434 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:180178 |
Available Versions of this Item
- Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS). III. Characteristics of Radial Chemical Substructures. (deposited 12 Nov 2021 11:35) [Currently Displayed]