The development of the CIECAM16 and visualization of its domain and range

In 2022, CIE recommend the CIECAM16 color appearance model to replace the current CIECAM02 model for color management systems. In this paper we will report on how CIECAM16 was developed, describe the differences between CIECAM16 and CIECAM02, describe the phenomena CIECAM16 can predict, and show the performance of CIECAM16 in the prediction of perceptual color attributes. We will then discuss the numerical determination of the domain and range of the CIECAM16 forward transformation. Finally, the domain and ranges in various conditions are visualized. CIECAM16 is capable of the accurate prediction of color appearance under a wide range of viewing conditions and with the domain and range problems now solved, it can be effectively applied to cross-media color image reproduction. It can also be used to estimate the color rendering properties of light sources and for the establishment of a uniform color space for color difference evaluation.