Parental awareness and management of antibiotic side effects and allergies in children and young people: a UK survey

Background and objectives Antibiotic use in children and young people is common, however, the associated short- and long-term effects are often unknown. Inappropriate prescribing and misdiagnosed allergies contribute to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and poorer health outcomes. To explore parental awareness, experiences and management of antibiotic side effects and allergies in children and young people, to inform strategies for improved antimicrobial stewardship and communication.

Materials and methods An online survey was conducted in April 2024 with 1205 UK parents of children aged 16 years or under. The survey assessed experiences of side effects, knowledge of antibiotic risks, and allergy management. Descriptive statistics and chi-squared tests were used to analyse responses, with weighting applied to ensure representativeness of the UK population.

Results Among respondents, 64% (n = 770) reported their child had taken oral antibiotics, with 9% (n = 72) reporting side effects and 7% (n = 53) reporting allergies. Skin infections were the most common antibiotic indication that led to side effects (23%, n = 16). Skin irritation was the most frequently reported side effect (26%, n = 19) and allergic reaction (58%, n = 30). Side effects often disrupted daily activities and led to 64% (n = 46) stopping the antibiotic course early, of which 24% (n = 11) did so without professional advice. Following their experience, many parents would seek professional advice on side effects (64%, n = 46) and allergic reactions (76%, n = 40) for future infections in their children.

Conclusions Improved communication can facilitate appropriate recognition, assessment and management of antibiotic adverse reactions in children and young people, potentially reducing incorrect penicillin allergy labelling.