Bernstein, A.J., Keeman, R., Hurson, A.N. et al. (62 more authors) (2026) Compartment-specific tumor-infiltrating immune cells and prognosis in breast cancer. iScience, 29 (2). 114759. ISSN: 2589-0042
Abstract
Breast cancer immune response is important to patient outcome, but the prognostic interaction between tissue-infiltrating immune cell (TIIC) types is not well-characterized. We evaluated the associations between CD8 + , FOXP3+, CD20 + , and CD163 + TIICs and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS). We developed an AI in Halo to score TIIC percentage by compartment (overall, stromal, or intra-tumoral) in 99,051 microarray images from 12,285 female breast cancers. The associations between log-transformed TIIC scores and BCSS were assessed using Cox regression. CD8 + and FOXP3+ TIICs were associated with better BCSS in ER-negative disease; CD8 + and CD20 + TIICs were associated with a better prognosis in ER-positive disease; and CD163 + TIICs were associated with a poorer prognosis in ER-positive disease in multi-marker models. These results may have implications for breast cancer immunotherapy.
Metadata
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Authors/Creators: |
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| Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
| Keywords: | Artificial intelligence; Immunology; Oncology |
| Dates: |
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| Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
| Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health (Sheffield) > Department of Human Metabolism (Sheffield) The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health (Sheffield) > Department of Oncology (Sheffield) |
| Date Deposited: | 09 Mar 2026 16:21 |
| Last Modified: | 09 Mar 2026 16:21 |
| Status: | Published |
| Publisher: | Elsevier BV |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Identification Number: | 10.1016/j.isci.2026.114759 |
| Related URLs: | |
| Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:238829 |
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