Gielen, S. orcid.org/0000-0002-8653-5430 and Ried, S. orcid.org/0009-0006-9176-068X (2026) Cyclic Kruskal universe: a quantum-corrected Schwarzschild black hole in unitary unimodular gravity. Physical Review D, 113 (2). 026030. ISSN: 2470-0010
Abstract
We analyze the physical properties of an analytical, nonsingular quantum-corrected black hole solution recently derived in a minisuperspace model for unimodular gravity under the assumption of unitarity in unimodular time. We show that the metric corrections compared to the classical Schwarzschild solutions only depend on a single new parameter, corresponding to a minimal radius where a black hole-white hole transition occurs. While these corrections substantially alter the structure of the spacetime near this minimal radius, they fall off rapidly toward infinity, and we show in various examples how physical properties of the exterior spacetime are very close to those of the Schwarzschild solution. We derive the maximal analytic extension of the initial solution, which corresponds to an infinite sequence of Kruskal spacetimes connected via black-to-white hole transitions, and compare with some other proposals for nonsingular black hole metrics. The metric violates the achronal averaged null energy condition, which indicates that we are capturing physics beyond the semiclassical approximation. Finally, we include some thoughts on how to go beyond the simple eternal black hole-white hole model presented here.
Metadata
| Item Type: | Article |
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| Authors/Creators: |
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| Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2026 American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| Keywords: | Mathematical Physics; Particle and High Energy Physics; Mathematical Sciences; Physical Sciences |
| Dates: |
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| Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
| Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Science (Sheffield) > School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Science (Sheffield) > School of Mathematics and Statistics (Sheffield) |
| Date Deposited: | 18 Feb 2026 12:29 |
| Last Modified: | 18 Feb 2026 12:29 |
| Status: | Published |
| Publisher: | American Physical Society (APS) |
| Refereed: | Yes |
| Identification Number: | 10.1103/kpf8-52c9 |
| Related URLs: | |
| Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:238140 |
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