Whistler critical Mach number concept revisited

• Balikhin, M.A.
• Agapitov, O.V. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6427-1596
• Krasnoselskikh, V. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6809-6219
• Roytershteyn, V. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1745-7587
• Walker, S.N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4105-1547
• Gedalin, M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1236-4787
• Jebaraj, I.C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0606-7172
• Colomban, L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6016-7548

© 2026. The Author(s). This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

• Accepted: 22 December 2025
• Published (online): 11 January 2026
• Published: January 2026

• Dataset