A scoping review of horizon scanning approaches used to identify emerging research methods

Background Horizon scanning is an exploratory research method used to identify, select, and analyse information to detect signals and trends related to new and emerging innovations using pre-defined and explicit methods. It has the potential to play a role in anticipating methodological research trends and innovations, helping to deliver therapies to patients faster. However, the extent to which horizon scanning has been applied to identify emerging research methods is unclear. Objectives This scoping review explores if and how horizon scanning has been used to identify research methods in any field, setting or location. Methods Eligibility was based on the Population, Concept and Context framework: Any information source that used horizon scanning to identify research methods was eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers independently screened titles/abstracts and then full texts. Following a pilot phase, one reviewer extracted data, and three others performed data accuracy checks. Results Five studies published between 2017 and 2024 met the eligibility criteria, and a further 13 partially met the eligibility criteria and are summarised separately. The five fully included studies belonged to the environmental, ecological, and earth science disciplines. Using the horizon scanning system defined by the EuroScan network, the most reported was signal detection. A literature review was the most common method used to identify signals, other approaches included a combination of literature reviews with interviews and expert opinion. A range of methods were identified as priority areas for the future, including digitisation, computational techniques, genomics and statistical methods. There was heterogeneity in horizon scanning approaches and reporting. Conclusions This scoping review found limited systematic research using horizon scanning to identify research methods, which hinders preparation for evaluation and implementation. This highlights the need for further research to establish optimal horizon scanning approaches to identify research methods in health and social care.