Stability of SrCO3 within composite Portland-slag cement blends

The stability and reactivity of SrCO3 within a blended Portland-slag cement at both 20 °C and 60 °C (to simulate an indicative waste form for disposal) was determined via XRD, TG-MS, SEM-EDX and thermodynamic modelling. Sr14CO3 is a potential long-term sink for trapping radioactive 14C, produced through the nuclear fuel cycle, therefore understanding its stability in potential cementitious waste forms is of interest and importance. Incorporation of 30 wt% SrCO3 in blended Portland-slag cement caused minor reactions to occur, resulting in increased formation of carbonated AFm phases, along with stabilisation of ettringite at 20 °C, precluded at 60 °C due to the reduced stability to ettringite at this temperature. Thermodynamic modelling predicted only minor SrCO3 reactivity up to 360 days, with carbonate remaining stable over this timeframe, validated by our experimental results. Thus, thermodynamic simulations predict that SrCO3 is an effective immobilisation matrix for 14C, within a blended Portland-slag cement waste form, suitable for long-term geological disposal.