Sometimes different, often the same:guidance on how recruitment and retention in trials need to be tailored to enhance participation of ethnic minority groups: a qualitative interview study in England

ObjectiveEthnic minority groups are consistently underrepresented in trials, limiting the generalisability and equity of research outcomes. This study explored the acceptability of existing recruitment and retention interventions for individuals from ethnic minority backgrounds.Study Design and SettingWe conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 adults from ethnic minority groups in the UK. We used maximum variation purposive sampling to ensure diversity in age, gender, ethnicity, urban/rural residence, and religious background. Data were analysed thematically using a deductive approach.ResultsTwenty adults (aged 20–70; 60% female) took part in the interviews. Findings were categorised into two main areas: themes specific to ethnic minority groups and themes related to recruitment and retention interventions. Cultural and linguistic considerations were considered critical for effective recruitment and retention. Opinions were mixed on the involvement of family members in decision-making about trial participation. Building trust within ethnic minority groups was deemed essential for encouraging participation.Participants highlighted the need for transparent communication when collecting and using ethnicity data and expressed concerns about potential tokenism. All participants emphasised the importance of providing clear information to support informed decision-making. Most participants preferred receiving invitation letters from their general practitioners (GPs), viewing them as more trustworthy, while some favoured emails, as they were more likely to read them. Participants preferred a layered information approach that was concise but prioritised content on risks, benefits, and trial relevance. Higher financial incentives were sometimes perceived as indicators of increased trial risk.ConclusionRecruitment and retention strategies must be tailored to reflect the needs and preferences of ethnic minority groups. Clear, culturally sensitive, and transparent communication about trial aims, risks, and benefits is essential for building trust and enhancing informed decision-making for participation. Inclusive practices are vital for improving equitable representation in research. Keywords: Ethnic Diversity, Inclusion, Equity, Trials, Recruitment, Retention