An overnight sensation: the effect of an acute introduction of a short-stay pathway on a previously compromised arthroplasty service

Aims In this study, we report the impact of implementing a new short-stay hip and knee arthroplasty pathway in an NHS hospital. This was enacted due to existing concerns around long length of stay (LOS) and reduced elective operating capacity each winter due to bed pressures. The overnight introduction of this pathway was aimed to reduce LOS, alleviate bed pressures, minimize readmission rates, and generate financial savings, all combining to facilitate full elective activity during the winter.

Methods We conducted a prospective study at a regional tertiary arthroplasty centre. The new pathway was introduced across the service overnight. It included rigorous preoperative optimization, specific anaesthetic protocols, and uniform changes in surgical practice to allow a focus on early mobilization and discharge on the day of surgery where possible. Data collection spanned 17 months, encompassing the initial six months post-implementation of the short-stay pathway. LOS data were collected for the full period and data were compared pre- and post-implementation of the new pathway. Patient satisfaction and 30-day readmission data were also collected.

Results There was a significant decrease in median LOS from four days pre-implementation to one day post-implementation. Patient satisfaction was high and the 30-day readmission rate was unchanged (5.95%, n = 43), with no readmissions directly related to decreased inpatient stay. Financial analyses revealed substantial cost savings due to reduced LOS and the elimination of routine postoperative blood tests. Elective activity over winter was significantly higher (203 more arthroplasties, 79% increase) than in the same time period in the previous year.

Conclusion An acute introduction of a carefully planned and coordinated short-stay hip and knee pathway is safe, cost-effective, and popular with patients, but also contributes to increased efficiency in the delivery of elective healthcare in the context of increasing demand and financial constraints in the NHS.