dos Santos, P.L. orcid.org/0000-0002-6975-9600, Stachelek, P. orcid.org/0000-0003-3002-3986, Takeda, Y. orcid.org/0000-0001-9103-4238 et al. (1 more author) (2024) Recent advances in highly-efficient near infrared OLED emitters. Materials Chemistry Frontiers, 8 (7). pp. 1731-1766. ISSN 2052-1537
Abstract
Near infrared (NIR) light (700–1400 nm) can be used in numerous biological/medical as well as technological applications. In this work we review the most recent examples of highly efficient NIR organic light-emitting diode (OLED) emitters among the most relevant types of luminophores: platinum(II), iridium(III), and osmium(II) complexes, unimolecular thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters and exciplexes, fluorescent dyes, and the emerging group of stable luminescent radicals. We dive into the structural design principles of emitters with improved NIR efficiency. In our discussion we consider unimolecular emission as well as that arising from aggregated luminophores, as the latter often leads to a longer wavelength NIR. Our analysis of numerous emitters from various groups concludes, without a doubt, that platinum(II) complexes present superior efficiency in nearly all wavelengths from 700 to 1000 nm. We report on an apparent NIR boundary line, which appears to be a current limitation for NIR OLED efficiency. Presently, virtually only platinum(II) complexes exceed the efficiency limit set out by this boundary. So far efficient OLEDs, i.e. >1% external quantum efficiency, emitting significantly beyond 1000 nm have not yet been reported.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Chinese Chemical Society. Open access article. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
Keywords: | Inorganic Chemistry; Chemical Sciences |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Engineering (Sheffield) > Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering (Sheffield) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Sheffield |
Date Deposited: | 21 Feb 2024 11:24 |
Last Modified: | 07 Nov 2024 09:57 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1039/d3qm01067h |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:209355 |