Smallwood, J.L. orcid.org/0000-0002-4314-398X, Nealon, R. orcid.org/0000-0003-0856-679X, Cuello, N. et al. (2 more authors) (2024) Formation of misaligned second-generation discs through fly-by encounters. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 527 (2). pp. 2094-2109. ISSN 0035-8711
Abstract
Observations reveal protoplanetary discs being perturbed by fly-by candidates. We simulate a scenario where an unbound perturber, i.e. a fly-by, undergoes an inclined grazing encounter, capturing material and forming a second-generation protoplanetary disc. We run N-body and three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of a parabolic fly-by grazing a particle disc and a gas-rich protoplanetary disc, respectively. In both our N-body and hydrodynamic simulations, we find that the captured, second-generation disc forms at a tilt twice the initial fly-by tilt. This relationship is robust to variations in the fly-by’s tilt, position angle, periastron, and mass. We extend this concept by also simulating the case where the fly-by has a disc of material prior to the encounter but we do not find the same trend. An inclined disc with respect to the primary disc around a misaligned fly-by is tilted by a few degrees, remaining close to its initial disc tilt. Therefore, if a disc is present around the fly-by before the encounter, the disc may not tilt up to twice the perturber tilt depending on the balance between the angular momentum of the circumsecondary disc and captured particles. In the case where the perturber has no initial disc, analysing the orientation of these second-generation discs can give information about the orbital properties of the fly-by encounter.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Keywords: | hydrodynamics; methods: numerical; planets and satellites: formation; protoplanetary discs |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences (Leeds) > School of Physics and Astronomy (Leeds) > Astrophysics (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 11 Jan 2024 15:54 |
Last Modified: | 11 Jan 2024 15:54 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Oxford University Press |
Identification Number: | 10.1093/mnras/stad3057 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:207439 |