Gelder, K. and Bose, D. orcid.org/0000-0002-0276-6486 (2023) Enhancers, phase separation and the RNA polymerase II transfer model. BioEssays, 45 (10). 2300128. ISSN 0265-9247
Abstract
The phenomenon of phase separation, the formation of highly concentrated regions of proteins and nucleic acids that have no separating membrane, is now recognised as an important mechanism for regulating gene expression through enhancer function. The ‘RNA polymerase II (PolII) transfer model’ was proposed as a mechanism for transcriptional activation at enhancers (for a definition of terms, please see Box 1).[1] The model specifically addresses how enhancers increase gene expression via phase separation, relying on transient transcription at enhancers to facilitate early release of transcription complexes. The model postulated that elongation-competent transcription complexes are assembled at enhancers during transcription of enhancer RNAs (eRNAs). These complexes are subsequently released in a dephosphorylated form and sequestered to the promoter via condensation, providing a model for initiation of gene transcription through phase separation at enhancers.[1] Although intriguing, at the time the model lacked supporting data. Here, we evaluate the PolII transfer model as a mechanism for enhancer condensate gene expression, in light of recent advances.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2023 The Authors. Except as otherwise noted, this author-accepted version of a journal article published in BioEssays is made available via the University of Sheffield Research Publications and Copyright Policy under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
Keywords: | chromatin; enhancers; gene expression; phase separation; PolII transfer model; RNA polymerase II; transcription |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Science (Sheffield) > School of Biosciences (Sheffield) |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number WELLCOME TRUST (THE) 213501/Z/18/Z |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Sheffield |
Date Deposited: | 31 Jul 2023 11:27 |
Last Modified: | 09 Oct 2024 14:53 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Wiley |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1002/bies.202300128 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:201989 |
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