Distributed Leadership in Projects: The Contributions of Stakeholders

This article examines how stakeholders contribute to leading a project. Using a longitudinal study of a project embedded in a public project portfolio, the article uncovers a leadership configuration in which project portfolio and project actors come together in four patterns: top-down influence, transactional exchange, pooled leadership, and co-leadership. This configuration reveals integrated leadership units, the possibility of senior managers to both constrain and channel project manager contributions, and a wider variety of leadership patterns in horizontal and vertical relationships. These insights offer a more comprehensive account of distributed leadership that contributes to the development of leadership capacity in projects.