Turrini, D, Schisano, E, Fonte, S et al. (7 more authors) (2021) Tracing the Formation History of Giant Planets in Protoplanetary Disks with Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Sulfur. The Astrophysical Journal, 909 (1). 40. ISSN 0004-637X
Abstract
The composition of giant planets is imprinted by their migration history and the compositional structure of their hosting disks. Studies in recent literature have investigated how the abundances of C and O can constrain the formation pathways of giant planets forming within few tens of au from a star. New ALMA observations, however, suggest planet-forming regions possibly extending to hundreds of au. We explore the implications of these wider formation environments through n-body simulations of growing and migrating giant planets embedded in planetesimal disks, coupled with a compositional model of the protoplanetary disk where volatiles are inherited from the molecular cloud and refractories are calibrated against extrasolar and Solar System data. We find that the C/O ratio provides limited insight on the formation pathways of giant planets that undergo large-scale migration. This limitation can be overcome, however, thanks to nitrogen and sulfur. Jointly using the C/N, N/O, and C/O ratios breaks any degeneracy in the formation and migration tracks of giant planets. The use of elemental ratios normalized to the respective stellar ratios supplies additional information on the nature of giant planets, thanks to the relative volatility of O, C, and N in disks. When the planetary metallicity is dominated by the accretion of solids C/N* > C/O* > N/O* (* denoting this normalized scale), otherwise N/O* > C/O* > C/N*. The S/N ratio provides an additional independent probe into the metallicity of giant planets and their accretion of solids.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
---|---|
Authors/Creators: |
|
Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2021. The American Astronomical Society. This is an author produced version of a journal article published in The Astrophysical Journal. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Keywords: | Planet formation; Extrasolar gas giants; Protoplanetary disks; Metallicity; Chemical abundances; Abundance ratios |
Dates: |
|
Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences (Leeds) > School of Physics and Astronomy (Leeds) > Astrophysics (Leeds) |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number Royal Society DH140243 |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 17 Mar 2021 15:27 |
Last Modified: | 03 Mar 2022 01:38 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | IOP Publishing |
Identification Number: | 10.3847/1538-4357/abd6e5 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:172214 |