Highly Branched RG-I Domain Enrichment Is Indispensable for Pectin Mitigating against High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity

Obesity is associated with gut microbiome dysbiosis. Our previous research has shown that highly branched RG-I enriched pectin (WRP, 531.5 kDa, 70.44% RG-I, Rha:(Gal+Ara)=20) and its oligosaccharide with less branched (DWRP, 12.1 kDa, 50.29% RG-I, Rha:(Gal+Ara)=6) are potential prebiotics. The present study is conducted to uncover the impact by which the content, molecular size and branch degrees of RG-I on the inhibiting effect of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. The commercial pectin (CP, 496.2 kDa, 35.77% RG-I, Rha:(Gal+Ara)=6), WRP and DWRP were orally administered to HFD-fed C57BL/6J mice (100mg kg-1 d-1) to determine their individual effects on obesity. WRP significantly prevented bodyweight gain, insulin resistance, and inflammatory responses in HFD-fed mice. No obvious anti-obesity effect was observed in either CP or DWRP supplementation. Mechanistic study revealed that CP and DWRP could not enhance the diversity of gut microbiota, while WRP treatment positively modulated the gut microbiota of obese mice by increasing the abundance of Butyrivibrio, Roseburia, Barnesiella, Flavonifractor, Acetivibrio, and Clostridium cluster IV. Furthermore, the WRP significantly promoted browning of white adipose tissue in HFD-fed mice, while CP and DWRP did not.WRP can attenuate the HFD-induced obesity by modulation of gut microbiota and lipid metabolism. Highly branched RG-I domain enrichment are essential for pectin mitigating against the HFD-induced obesity.