UPPER LIMITS ON THE RATES OF BINARY NEUTRON STAR AND NEUTRON STAR–BLACK HOLE MERGERS FROM ADVANCED LIGO’S FIRST OBSERVING RUN

Abstract

We report here the non-detection of gravitational waves from the merger of binary–neutron star systems and neutron star–black hole systems during the first observing run of the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO). In particular, we searched for gravitational-wave signals from binary–neutron star systems with component masses $\in [1,3]\,{M}_{\odot }$ and component dimensionless spins <0.05. We also searched for neutron star–black hole systems with the same neutron star parameters, black hole mass $\in [2,99]\,{M}_{\odot }$, and no restriction on the black hole spin magnitude. We assess the sensitivity of the two LIGO detectors to these systems and find that they could have detected the merger of binary–neutron star systems with component mass distributions of 1.35 ± 0.13 M ⊙ at a volume-weighted average distance of ~70 Mpc, and for neutron star–black hole systems with neutron star masses of 1.4 M ⊙ and black hole masses of at least 5 M ⊙, a volume-weighted average distance of at least ~110 Mpc. From this we constrain with 90% confidence the merger rate to be less than 12,600 Gpc−3 yr−1 for binary–neutron star systems and less than 3600 Gpc−3 yr−1 for neutron star–black hole systems. We discuss the astrophysical implications of these results, which we find to be in conflict with only the most optimistic predictions. However, we find that if no detection of neutron star–binary mergers is made in the next two Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo observing runs we would place significant constraints on the merger rates. Finally, assuming a rate of ${10}_{-7}^{+20}$ Gpc−3 yr−1, short gamma-ray bursts beamed toward the Earth, and assuming that all short gamma-ray bursts have binary–neutron star (neutron star–black hole) progenitors, we can use our 90% confidence rate upper limits to constrain the beaming angle of the gamma-ray burst to be greater than $2\buildrel{\circ}\over{.} {3}_{-1.1}^{+1.7}$ ($4\buildrel{\circ}\over{.} {3}_{-1.9}^{+3.1}$).

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Item Type:	Article
Authors/Creators:	Abbott, BP Abbott, R Abbott, TD Abernathy, MR Acernese, F Ackley, K Adams, C Adams, T Addesso, P Adhikari, RX Adya, VB Affeldt, C Agathos, M Agatsuma, K Aggarwal, N Aguiar, OD Aiello, L Ain, A Ajith, P Allen, B Allocca, A Altin, PA Anderson, SB Anderson, WG Arai, K Araya, MC Arceneaux, CC Areeda, JS Arnaud, N Arun, KG Ascenzi, S Ashton, G Ast, M Aston, SM Astone, P Aufmuth, P Aulbert, C Babak, S Bacon, P Bader, MKM Baker, PT Baldaccini, F Ballardin, G Ballmer, SW Barayoga, JC Barclay, SE Barish, BC Barker, D Barone, F Barr, B Barsotti, L Barsuglia, M Barta, D Bartlett, J Bartos, I Bassiri, R Basti, A Batch, JC Baune, C Bavigadda, V Bazzan, M Bejger, M Bell, AS Berger, BK Bergmann, G Berry, CPL Bersanetti, D Bertolini, A Betzwieser, J Bhagwat, S Bhandare, R Bilenko, IA Billingsley, G Birch, J Birney, R Biscans, S Bisht, A Bitossi, M Biwer, C Bizouard, MA Blackburn, JK Blair, CD Blair, DG Blair, RM Bloemen, S Bock, O Boer, M Bogaert, G Bogan, C Bohe, A Bond, C Bondu, F Bonnand, R Boom, BA Bork, R Boschi, V Bose, S Bouffanais, Y Bozzi, A Bradaschia, C Brady, PR Braginsky, VB Branchesi, M Brau, JE Briant, T Brillet, A Brinkmann, M Brisson, V Brockill, P Broida, JE Brooks, AF Brown, DA Brown, DD Brown, NM Brunett, S Buchanan, CC Buikema, A Bulik, T Bulten, HJ Buonanno, A Buskulic, D Buy, C Byer, RL Cabero, M Cadonati, L Cagnoli, G Cahillane, C Bustillo, JC Callister, T Calloni, E Camp, JB Cannon, KC Cao, J Capano, CD Capocasa, E Carbognani, F Caride, S Diaz, JC Casentini, C Caudill, S Cavaglià, M Cavalier, F Cavalieri, R Cella, G Cepeda, CB Baiardi, LC Cerretani, G Cesarini, E Chamberlin, SJ Chan, M Chao, S Charlton, P Chassande-Mottin, E Cheeseboro, BD Chen, HY Chen, Y Cheng, C Chincarini, A Chiummo, A Cho, HS Cho, M Chow, JH Christensen, N Chu, Q Chua, S Chung, S Ciani, G Clara, F Clark, JA Cleva, F Coccia, E Cohadon, P-F Colla, A Collette, CG Cominsky, L Constancio. Jr., M Conte, A Conti, L Cook, D Corbitt, TR Cornish, N Corsi, A Cortese, S Costa, CA Coughlin, MW Coughlin, SB Coulon, J-P Countryman, ST Couvares, P Cowan, EE Coward, DM Cowart, MJ Coyne, DC Coyne, R Craig, K Creighton, JDE Cripe, J Crowder, SG Cumming, A Cunningham, L Cuoco, E Canton, TD Danilishin, SL D’Antonio, S Danzmann, K Darman, NS Dasgupta, A Costa, CFDS Dattilo, V Dave, I Davier, M Davies, GS Daw, EJ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3780-5430 Day, R De, S DeBra, D Debreczeni, G Degallaix, J Laurentis, MD Deléglise, S Pozzo, WD Denker, T Dent, T Dergachev, V Rosa, RD DeRosa, RT DeSalvo, R Devine, RC Dhurandhar, S Díaz, MC Fiore, LD Giovanni, MD Girolamo, TD Lieto, AD Pace, SD Palma, ID Virgilio, AD Dolique, V Donovan, F Dooley, KL Doravari, S Douglas, R Downes, TP Drago, M Drever, RWP Driggers, JC Ducrot, M Dwyer, SE Edo, TB https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9828-028X Edwards, MC Effler, A Eggenstein, H-B Ehrens, P Eichholz, J Eikenberry, SS Engels, W Essick, RC Etzel, T Evans, M Evans, TM Everett, R Factourovich, M Fafone, V Fair, H Fairhurst, S Fan, X Fang, Q Farinon, S Farr, B Farr, WM Favata, M Fays, M Fehrmann, H Fejer, MM Fenyvesi, E Ferrante, I Ferreira, EC Ferrini, F Fidecaro, F Fiori, I Fiorucci, D Fisher, RP Flaminio, R Fletcher, M Fournier, J-D Frasca, S Frasconi, F Frei, Z Freise, A Frey, R Frey, V Fritschel, P Frolov, VV Fulda, P Fyffe, M Gabbard, HAG Gair, JR Gammaitoni, L Gaonkar, SG Garufi, F Gaur, G Gehrels, N Gemme, G Geng, P Genin, E Gennai, A George, J Gergely, L Germain, V Ghosh, A Ghosh, A Ghosh, S Giaime, JA Giardina, KD Giazotto, A Gill, K Glaefke, A Goetz, E Goetz, R Gondan, L González, G Castro, JMG Gopakumar, A Gordon, NA Gorodetsky, ML Gossan, SE Gosselin, M Gouaty, R Grado, A Graef, C Graff, PB Granata, M Grant, A Gras, S Gray, C Greco, G Green, AC Groot, P Grote, H Grunewald, S Guidi, GM Guo, X Gupta, A Gupta, MK Gushwa, KE Gustafson, EK Gustafson, R Hacker, JJ Hall, BR Hall, ED Hammond, G Haney, M Hanke, MM Hanks, J Hanna, C Hannam, MD Hanson, J Hardwick, T Harms, J Harry, GM Harry, IW Hart, MJ Hartman, MT Haster, C-J Haughian, K Heidmann, A Heintze, MC Heitmann, H Hello, P Hemming, G Hendry, M Heng, IS Hennig, J Henry, J Heptonstall, AW Heurs, M Hild, S Hoak, D Hofman, D Holt, K Holz, DE Hopkins, P Hough, J Houston, EA Howell, EJ Hu, YM Huang, S Huerta, EA Huet, D Hughey, B Husa, S Huttner, SH Huynh-Dinh, T Indik, N Ingram, DR Inta, R Isa, HN Isac, J-M Isi, M Isogai, T Iyer, BR Izumi, K Jacqmin, T Jang, H Jani, K Jaranowski, P Jawahar, S Jian, L Jiménez-Forteza, F Johnson, WW Jones, DI Jones, R Jonker, RJG Ju, L K, H Kalaghatgi, CV Kalogera, V Kandhasamy, S Kang, G Kanner, JB Kapadia, SJ Karki, S Karvinen, KS Kasprzack, M Katsavounidis, E Katzman, W Kaufer, S Kaur, T Kawabe, K Kéfélian, F Kehl, MS Keitel, D Kelley, DB Kells, W Kennedy, R Key, JS Khalili, FY Khan, I Khan, S Khan, Z Khazanov, EA Kijbunchoo, N Kim, C-W Kim, C Kim, J Kim, K Kim, N Kim, W Kim, Y-M Kimbrell, SJ King, EJ King, PJ Kissel, JS Klein, B Kleybolte, L Klimenko, S Koehlenbeck, SM Koley, S Kondrashov, V Kontos, A Korobko, M Korth, WZ Kowalska, I Kozak, DB Kringel, V Krishnan, B Królak, A Krueger, C Kuehn, G Kumar, P Kumar, R Kuo, L Kutynia, A Lackey, BD Landry, M Lange, J Lantz, B Lasky, PD Laxen, M Lazzarini, A Lazzaro, C Leaci, P Leavey, S Lebigot, EO Lee, CH Lee, HK Lee, HM Lee, K Lenon, A Leonardi, M Leong, JR Leroy, N Letendre, N Levin, Y Lewis, JB Li, TGF Libson, A Littenberg, TB Lockerbie, NA Lombardi, AL London, LT Lord, JE Lorenzini, M Loriette, V Lormand, M Losurdo, G Lough, JD Lück, H Lundgren, AP Lynch, R Ma, Y Machenschalk, B MacInnis, M Macleod, DM Magaña-Sandoval, F Magaña Zertuche, L Magee, RM Majorana, E Maksimovic, I Malvezzi, V Man, N Mandic, V Mangano, V Mansell, GL Manske, M Mantovani, M Marchesoni, F Marion, F Márka, S Márka, Z Markosyan, AS Maros, E Martelli, F Martellini, L Martin, IW Martynov, DV Marx, JN Mason, K Masserot, A Massinger, TJ Masso-Reid, M Mastrogiovanni, S Matichard, F Matone, L Mavalvala, N Mazumder, N McCarthy, R McClelland, DE McCormick, S McGuire, SC McIntyre, G McIver, J McManus, DJ McRae, T McWilliams, ST Meacher, D Meadors, GD Meidam, J Melatos, A Mendell, G Mercer, RA Merilh, EL Merzougui, M Meshkov, S Messenger, C Messick, C Metzdorff, R Meyers, PM Mezzani, F Miao, H Michel, C Middleton, H Mikhailov, EE Milano, L Miller, AL Miller, A Miller, BB Miller, J Millhouse, M Minenkov, Y Ming, J Mirshekari, S Mishra, C Mitra, S Mitrofanov, VP Mitselmakher, G Mittleman, R Moggi, A Mohan, M Mohapatra, SRP Montani, M Moore, BC Moore, CJ Moraru, D Moreno, G Morriss, SR Mossavi, K Mours, B Mow-Lowry, CM Mueller, G Muir, AW Mukherjee, A Mukherjee, D Mukherjee, S Mukund, N Mullavey, A Munch, J Murphy, DJ Murray, PG Mytidis, A Nardecchia, I Naticchioni, L Nayak, RK Nedkova, K Nelemans, G Nelson, TJN Neri, M Neunzert, A Newton, G Nguyen, TT Nielsen, AB Nissanke, S Nitz, A Nocera, F Nolting, D Normandin, MEN Nuttall, LK Oberling, J Ochsner, E O’Dell, J Oelker, E Ogin, GH Oh, JJ Oh, SH Ohme, F Oliver, M Oppermann, P Oram, RJ O’Reilly, B O’Shaughnessy, R Ottaway, DJ Overmier, H Owen, BJ Pai, A Pai, SA Palamos, JR Palashov, O Palomba, C Pal-Singh, A Pan, H Pankow, C Pannarale, F Pant, BC Paoletti, F Paoli, A Papa, MA Paris, HR Parker, W Pascucci, D Pasqualetti, A Passaquieti, R Passuello, D Patricelli, B Patrick, Z Pearlstone, BL Pedraza, M Pedurand, R Pekowsky, L Pele, A Penn, S Perreca, A Perri, LM Phelps, M Piccinni, OJ Pichot, M Piergiovanni, F Pierro, V Pillant, G Pinard, L Pinto, IM Pitkin, M Poe, M Poggiani, R Popolizio, P Post, A Powell, J Prasad, J Predoi, V Prestegard, T Price, LR Prijatelj, M Principe, M Privitera, S Prix, R Prodi, GA Prokhorov, L Puncken, O Punturo, M Puppo, P Pürrer, M Qi, H Qin, J Qiu, S Quetschke, V Quintero, EA Quitzow-James, R Raab, FJ Rabeling, DS Radkins, H Raffai, P Raja, S Rajan, C Rakhmanov, M Rapagnani, P Raymond, V Razzano, M Re, V Read, J Reed, CM Regimbau, T Rei, L Reid, S Reitze, DH Rew, H Reyes, SD Ricci, F Riles, K Rizzo, M Robertson, NA Robie, R Robinet, F Rocchi, A Rolland, L Rollins, JG Roma, VJ Romano, R Romanov, G Romie, JH Rosińska, D Rowan, S Rüdiger, A Ruggi, P Ryan, K Sachdev, S Sadecki, T Sadeghian, L Sakellariadou, M Salconi, L Saleem, M Salemi, F Samajdar, A Sammut, L Sanchez, EJ Sandberg, V Sandeen, B Sanders, JR Sassolas, B Sathyaprakash, BS Saulson, PR Sauter, OES Savage, RL Sawadsky, A Schale, P Schilling, R Schmidt, J Schmidt, P Schnabel, R Schofield, RMS Schönbeck, A Schreiber, E Schuette, D Schutz, BF Scott, J Scott, SM Sellers, D Sengupta, AS Sentenac, D Sequino, V Sergeev, A Setyawati, Y Shaddock, DA Shaffer, T Shahriar, MS Shaltev, M Shapiro, B Shawhan, P Sheperd, A Shoemaker, DH Shoemaker, DM Siellez, K Siemens, X Sieniawska, M Sigg, D Silva, AD Singer, A Singer, LP Singh, A Singh, R Singhal, A Sintes, AM Slagmolen, BJJ Smith, JR Smith, ND Smith, RJE Son, EJ Sorazu, B Sorrentino, F Souradeep, T Srivastava, AK Staley, A Steinke, M Steinlechner, J Steinlechner, S Steinmeyer, D Stephens, BC Stone, R Strain, KA Straniero, N Stratta, G Strauss, NA Strigin, S Sturani, R Stuver, AL Summerscales, TZ Sun, L Sunil, S Sutton, PJ Swinkels, BL Szczepańczyk, MJ Tacca, M Talukder, D Tanner, DB Tápai, M Tarabrin, SP Taracchini, A Taylor, R Theeg, T Thirugnanasambandam, MP Thomas, EG Thomas, M Thomas, P Thorne, KA Thrane, E Tiwari, S Tiwari, V Tokmakov, KV Toland, K Tomlinson, C Tonelli, M Tornasi, Z Torres, CV Torrie, CI Töyrä, D Travasso, F Traylor, G Trifirò, D Tringali, MC Trozzo, L Tse, M Turconi, M Tuyenbayev, D Ugolini, D Unnikrishnan, CS Urban, AL Usman, SA Vahlbruch, H Vajente, G Valdes, G Bakel, NV Beuzekom, MV van den Brand, JFJ Broeck, CVD Vander-Hyde, DC Schaaf, LVD Heijningen, JVV Veggel, AAV Vardaro, M Vass, S Vasúth, M Vaulin, R Vecchio, A Vedovato, G Veitch, J Veitch, PJ Venkateswara, K Verkindt, D Vetrano, F Viceré, A Vinciguerra, S Vine, DJ Vinet, J-Y Vitale, S Vo, T Vocca, H Vorvick, C Voss, DV Vousden, WD Vyatchanin, SP Wade, AR Wade, LE Wade, M Walker, M Wallace, L Walsh, S Wang, G Wang, H Wang, M Wang, X Wang, Y Ward, RL Warner, J Was, M Weaver, B Wei, L-W Weinert, M Weinstein, AJ Weiss, R Wen, L Weßels, P Westphal, T Wette, K Whelan, JT Whiting, BF Williams, RD Williamson, AR Willis, JL Willke, B Wimmer, MH Winkler, W Wipf, CC Wittel, H Woan, G Woehler, J Worden, J Wright, JL Wu, DS Wu, G Yablon, J Yam, W Yamamoto, H Yancey, CC Yu, H Yvert, M Zadrożny, A Zangrando, L Zanolin, M Zendri, J-P Zevin, M Zhang, L Zhang, M Zhang, Y Zhao, C Zhou, M Zhou, Z Zhu, XJ Zucker, ME Zuraw, SE Zweizig, J
Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information:	© 2016. The American Astronomical Society. Reproduced in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy.
Keywords:	binaries: general; gamma-ray burst: general; gravitational waves; stars: black holes; stars: neutron
Dates:	Accepted: 8 October 2016 Published (online): 23 November 2016 Published: 1 December 2016
Institution:	The University of Sheffield
Academic Units:	The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Science (Sheffield) > Department of Physics and Astronomy (Sheffield)
Depositing User:	Symplectic Sheffield
Date Deposited:	02 Nov 2017 16:23
Last Modified:	02 Nov 2017 16:29
Published Version:	https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8205/832/2/L21
Status:	Published
Publisher:	American Astronomical Society
Refereed:	Yes
Identification Number:	10.3847/2041-8205/832/2/L21
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID):	oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:123347

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UPPER LIMITS ON THE RATES OF BINARY NEUTRON STAR AND NEUTRON STAR–BLACK HOLE MERGERS FROM ADVANCED LIGO’S FIRST OBSERVING RUN

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