Schwendike, J, Berry, GJ, Reeder, MJ et al. (3 more authors) (2015) Trends in the local Hadley and local Walker circulations. Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, 120 (15). 7599 - 7618. ISSN 2169-897X
Abstract
The linear trend in the local Hadley and Walker circulations from 1979 to 2009 is calculated. These local circulations are defined through a decomposition of the vertical mass flux into its zonal and meridional components. Defining the local circulation this way ensures that the two orthogonal circulations (the local Hadley and Walker circulations) sum to the original circulation even after averaging the circulations regionally. Large regional differences in changes in the local Hadley and Walker circulations over a 31 year period are found. For example, the local Hadley circulation has shifted southward over Africa, the Maritime Continent, and the western and central Pacific by about 1°. Over the Americas and the Atlantic the local Hadley circulation has strengthened by about 1-5%. The zonal component of the vertical mass flux has increased by about 10-20% in the tropics over all continents and decreased over the adjacent oceans by about 10-20%. Although the local Walker circulations in the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic have weakened, the circulation in the Pacific has changed little (about 1-2%). The local Walker circulations in all ocean basins have shifted westward by about 1-2°on average.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2015, AGU. Reproduced in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Environment (Leeds) > School of Earth and Environment (Leeds) > Inst for Climate & Atmos Science (ICAS) (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 17 Dec 2015 11:11 |
Last Modified: | 10 Mar 2016 11:56 |
Published Version: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022652 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | American Geophysical Union |
Identification Number: | 10.1002/2014JD022652 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:92744 |