Investing in nutrition throughout the first 8000 days of life: a multisectoral approach to supporting well-being and creating future human capital

Nutrition plays a fundamental role in human development, especially during critical growth periods. It is already well recognised that the first 1000 days—from conception to a child’s second birthday—are vital for cognitive, physical and immune system development, and setting a child on a positive trajectory for subsequent growth. Less well recognised is the importance of the next 7000 days (ages 2–21) when good nutrition continues to be important to secure those early gains and to shape development during the next vulnerable phases, including puberty, the rewiring of the brain during adolescence and the establishment of lifelong healthy behaviours and dietary preferences. Poor nutrition during these stages can severely impact cognitive function, leading to learning difficulties, attention deficits and poor academic performance, ultimately limiting future productivity and life opportunities. The next 7000 days are a crucial phase in the development of adolescents and, by influencing their health and well-being, have profound consequences for intergenerational health and nutrition, especially for girls. Finally, to maximise opportunities for physical, cognitive, social and emotional gains during the first 8000 days, it is essential to invest in multisectoral initiatives, leveraging health, nutrition, education and early childhood development, for an integrated response.

This paper draws on contemporary scientific evidence to advocate for increased investment in nutrition, not only during the first 1000 days but also throughout the next 7000 days. It examines the biological, social and economic benefits of prioritising nutrition through integrated approaches, highlighting its crucial role in breaking the cycle of intergenerational poverty. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to synthesise the latest evidence supporting greater investment in nutrition. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for coordinated action from governments, multilateral and philanthropic actors, the private sector, civil society, communities and other stakeholders to ensure sustained nutrition investment from early life through adolescence, with particular emphasis on investment in integrated, multisectoral approaches.