Inequalities and indoor air pollution:A prospective observational study of particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) levels in 309 UK homes from the Born in Bradford cohort study

Abstract

Particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Evidence suggests socioeconomic and ethnic minority groups are disproportionately exposed to higher outdoor air pollution, exacerbating existing health inequalities. However, most research focuses on outdoor air pollution, despite people spending most of their time indoors. We compare how indoor PM2.5 concentrations vary between households of different socioeconomic status and ethnicity, and test for associations with asthma-related symptoms.

Metadata

Item Type:	Article
Authors/Creators:	Cheung, Rachael W. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5207-240X Chatzidiakou, Lia (ccp550@york.ac.uk) Yang, Tiffany C. (ty706@york.ac.uk) O’Meara, Simon P. Shaw, David R. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5542-0334 Genes, Denisa Shao, Yunqi Ruangkanit, Athina Warburton, Thomas Kumar, Ashish https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0057-7574 Budisulistiorini, Sri Hapsari https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5715-9157 Wood, Chantelle McFiggans, Gordon Carslaw, Nicola https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5290-4779 Hamilton, Jacqueline F. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0975-4311 McEachan, Rosemary R. C.
Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information:	© The Author(s) 2025.
Dates:	Accepted: 6 October 2025 Published: 10 November 2025
Institution:	The University of York
Academic Units:	The University of York > Faculty of Sciences (York) > Environment and Geography (York) The University of York > Faculty of Social Sciences (York) > Education (York) The University of York > Faculty of Sciences (York) > Chemistry (York) The University of York > Faculty of Sciences (York) > Health Sciences (York)
Funding Information:	Funder Grant number NATURAL ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH COUNCIL NE/W002256/1
Date Deposited:	12 Nov 2025 11:50
Last Modified:	01 Dec 2025 17:00
Published Version:	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-25182-x
Status:	Published
Refereed:	Yes
Identification Number:	10.1186/s12889-025-25182-x
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID):	oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:234392

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Description: Inequalities and indoor air pollution: a prospective observational study of particulate matter (PM2.5) levels in 309 UK homes from the Born in Bradford cohort study

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Inequalities and indoor air pollution:A prospective observational study of particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) levels in 309 UK homes from the Born in Bradford cohort study

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