Agroforestry and enhanced rock weathering: a dual strategy for sustainable cacao

Societal Impact Statement: Cacao production is both economically vital and environmentally intensive, presenting a major sustainability challenge as a crop largely cultivated by smallholder farmers in climate‐vulnerable regions. This review synthesises evidence that integrating agroforestry with enhanced rock weathering (EW) may significantly reduce emissions from cacao production. Our projections indicate that applying EW to 10% of the cocoa harvest area gives a notably high mitigation potential. Although these findings suggest EW could substantially offset emissions, our review emphasises the urgent need for rigorous field trials to validate projections and explore possible synergies or unintended consequences. The integration of EW and agroforestry could offer a scalable solution to align cacao production with global climate and sustainability goals while supporting long‐term agricultural resilience. Summary: As one of the most emission‐intensive foods, chocolate presents a significant challenge in meeting consumer demand and sustainability goals. Focusing on carbon sequestration and climate resilience, this review explores the potential of agroforestry and enhanced rock weathering (EW) as a dual strategy towards climate‐positive cacao. Here, we describe how agroforestry systems, particularly multi‐strata systems such as cabrucas, can enhance carbon sequestration, tolerance to global climate change and ecosystem services. We analyse the mechanisms by which EW can augment these benefits, focusing on its impact on offsetting carbon emissions during production, nutrient release and improved soil health. The combined efficacy of these strategies is assessed. Research gaps and areas of concern are identified, principally around monitoring carbon removal, biodiversity impacts and nutrient cycling. Our review highlights the importance of integrated approaches to address the complex challenges facing the cocoa sector. Further research is needed to quantify the economic and social benefits of agroforestry and EW, as well as to develop best management practices for different agro‐ecological contexts.