Pardo, J., Gonçalves, R.C., Li, X. et al. (5 more authors) (2024) Markov Chain Analysis of Gaze Transitions: Assessing Attention Management in SAE Level 3 Automated Driving. In: AutomotiveUI '24 Adjunct: Adjunct Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications. AutomotiveUI '24: 16th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, 22-25 Sep 2024, Stanford CA USA. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) , New York, NY , pp. 161-165. ISBN: 979-8-4007-0520-5
Abstract
This work-in-progress examines how the use of different non-driving related task (NDRT) interfaces (mobile phone vs. head-up display and baseline) influences drivers’ visual attention and scanning strategies during conditional automated driving. We present preliminary findings from a driving simulator study (N=46) that utilised Markov Chain analysis of gaze transitions and gaze dispersion metrics. Results show that NDRTs, particularly on mobile phones, compromise drivers’ attention distribution and gaze transitions. While HUDs keep drivers’ gaze closer to the road, they may still hinder hazard perception. Markov Chain analysis reveals valuable insights into drivers’ attention management, informing the design of safer in-vehicle interfaces for automated vehicles. These findings highlight the need for careful consideration when designing in-vehicle interfaces and NDRT interactions for automated vehicles.
Metadata
Item Type: | Proceedings Paper |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2024 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). This is an author produced version of a proceedings paper published in AutomotiveUI '24 Adjunct: Adjunct Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Keywords: | NDRT, Gaze Behaviour, Automated Vehicles, HMIs, Markov Chains |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Environment (Leeds) > Institute for Transport Studies (Leeds) |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number Seeing Machines Ltd No External Reference |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 25 Jul 2025 13:24 |
Last Modified: | 25 Jul 2025 22:15 |
Published Version: | https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3641308.3685041 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) |
Identification Number: | 10.1145/3641308.3685041 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:229383 |
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