Pan, N., Tian, H., Shi, H. et al. (19 more authors) (2025) Climate change rivals fertilizer use in driving soil nitrous oxide emissions in the northern high latitudes: Insights from terrestrial biosphere models. Environment International, 196. 109297. ISSN 0160-4120
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is the most important stratospheric ozone-depleting agent based on current emissions and the third largest contributor to increased net radiative forcing. Increases in atmospheric N₂O have been attributed primarily to enhanced soil N₂O emissions. Critically, contributions from soils in the Northern High Latitudes (NHL, >50°N) remain poorly quantified despite their exposure to rapid rates of regional warming and changing hydrology due to climate change. In this study, we used an ensemble of six process-based terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) from the Global Nitrogen/Nitrous Oxide Model Intercomparison Project (NMIP) to quantify soil N₂O emissions across the NHL during 1861–2016. Factorial simulations were conducted to disentangle the contributions of key driving factors, including climate change, nitrogen inputs, land use change, and rising atmospheric CO₂ concentration, to the trends in emissions. The NMIP models suggests NHL soil N₂O emissions doubled from 1861 to 2016, increasing on average by 2.0 ± 1.0 Gg N/yr (p < 0.01). Over the entire study period, while N fertilizer application (42 ± 20 %) contributed the largest share to the increase in NHL soil emissions, climate change effect was comparable (37 ± 25 %), underscoring its significant role. In the recent decade (2007–2016), anthropogenic sources contributed 47 ± 17 % (279 ± 156 Gg N/yr) of the total N₂O emissions from the NHL, while unmanaged soils contributed a comparable amount (290 ± 142 Gg N/yr). The trend of increasing emissions from nitrogen fertilizer reversed after the 1980 s because of reduced applications in non-permafrost regions. In addition, increased plant growth due to CO₂ fertilization suppressed simulated emissions. However, permafrost soil N₂O emissions continued increasing attributable to climate warming; the interaction of climate warming and increasing CO₂ concentrations on nitrogen and carbon cycling will determine future trends in NHL soil N₂O emissions. The rigorous interplay between process modeling and field experimentation will be essential for improving model representations of the mechanisms controlling N₂O fluxes in the Northern High Latitudes and for reducing associated uncertainties.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) |
Keywords: | Nitrous oxide, Northern high latitudes, Climate change, Anthropogenic activities, Model ensemble estimation, Permafrost |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Environment (Leeds) > School of Earth and Environment (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 22 May 2025 15:29 |
Last Modified: | 22 May 2025 15:29 |
Published Version: | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/... |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Elsevier |
Identification Number: | 10.1016/j.envint.2025.109297 |
Related URLs: | |
Sustainable Development Goals: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:226615 |
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