Liu, Z., Sun, P., He, X. et al. (7 more authors) (2025) Synergistic inactivation effect of ultrasound and nano-emulsified basil essential oil on the metabolic responses of Salmonella on sprouts. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 431. 111082. ISSN 0168-1605
Abstract
This study investigated the effectiveness and mechanisms of ultrasound (US), nano-emulsified basil essential oil (NBEO), and their combination (NBEO_US) in inactivating Salmonella enterica cells inoculated on pea sprouts. The results demonstrated that the combined treatment was more effective than individual treatments in inactivating the target. This led to a decrease of 4.4 to 5.0 log CFU/g. Transmission electron microscopy showed that NBEO_US leads to the disruption of the bacteria morphology. Additionally, the leakage of cell constituents (proteins and nucleotide) demonstrated that NBEO_US disrupted the structural integrity of S. enterica cells. In addition, the metabolomics analysis using 1H NMR showed that NBEO_US had a detrimental effect on energy and amino acid metabolism in bacterial cells, specifically affecting glycolysis and amino acid production. Also, NBEO_US affected the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway in S. enterica cells by decreasing the activity of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase. Finally, the application of NBEO_US resulted in a substantial (P < 0.05) increase in the hardness of the treated pea sprouts while simultaneously decreasing their lightness. The present investigation illustrated the synergistic antibacterial mechanism of NBEO_US against S. enterica strains using sprouts as a food model. By understanding the microbiological changes in metabolic pathways induced by the combined treatment, sanitization strategies can be optimized to specifically target critical vulnerabilities, thereby ensuring safer and more efficient production of fresh produce.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | This is an author produced version of an article accepted for publication in International Journal of Food Microbiology made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Keywords: | Foodborne pathogen; Antibacterial mechanism; NMR; Metabolomics; Fresh produce |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Environment (Leeds) > School of Food Science and Nutrition (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 23 Apr 2025 13:38 |
Last Modified: | 23 Apr 2025 13:38 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Elsevier |
Identification Number: | 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2025.111082 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:225555 |