Ionosphere-Thermosphere-Mesosphere Variability imposed by Waves from Below in Future Climates

The structure and dynamics of the Ionosphere-Thermosphere-Mesosphere (ITM) system are significantly influenced by waves from the lower atmosphere. Understanding of the physical mechanisms at play and trends is impaired by data sparsity. This white paper reviews current knowledge in this area and highlights the importance and critical need for new, global, height-resolved observations of the ITM.