Lin, G., Fan, C. orcid.org/0000-0001-5684-2547, Fu, Z. et al. (6 more authors) (2025) Insight into the instability of ammonia-methane laminar diffusion flame. Journal of the Energy Institute, 119. 101961. ISSN 1743-9671
Abstract
Ammonia is one of carbon-neutral hydrogen derivatives and is identified as a sustainable fuel for mobile applications. However, the combustion instability of pure ammonia remains a significant challenge. In this study, the combustion instability of ammonia flame with methane as a combustion promoter was investigated using high-speed photography and schlieren techniques on ammonia-methane-air co-flow laminar diffusion flames. It was found that after exceeding a threshold of fuel flow rate (Qf), the stable laminar flame turned to a regular and reproducible oscillation, accompanying by periodic bulging and separation of the flame. The addition of co-flow air increases flame flickering frequency, which can be reduced by increasing the Qf. In contrast to the pure methane diffusion flame with distinct luminous zones, the NH3/CH4 diffusion flame exhibits a reddish-orange color with no distinguishable luminous zone. Additionally, the addition of ammonia shrinks the appearance of flames, and slightly decreases the flame flickering frequency at 30 % substitution, while increases it at 50 % substitution. A spindle-shape shear layer between the flame and the surrounding air, exhibiting periodic motion during the flickering sequence. The addition of ammonia decreases the maximum shear layer diameter and increases its motion velocity. The co-flow air pushes the vortex formation location downstream, reducing fluctuation amplitude of the shear layer. Ammonia substitution further promotes this downstream shift, potentially lessening the flame flickering.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | This is an author produced version of an article published in Journal of the Energy Institute, made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Keywords: | Ammonia fuel, Flame flickering, Laminar diffusion flame, Schlieren technique, Shear layer |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Environment (Leeds) > Institute for Transport Studies (Leeds) > ITS: Spatial Modelling and Dynamics (Leeds) |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number UKRI (UK Research and Innovation) Not Known |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 02 Jan 2025 10:48 |
Last Modified: | 24 Jan 2025 10:50 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Elsevier |
Identification Number: | 10.1016/j.joei.2024.101961 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:221114 |