Adaptive sliding mode controller development to improve rail network efficiency through virtual coupling: a case study evidence

Virtual coupling is a novel approach to train operation, maintaining safe separation between trains by accounting for both braking distances and a safety factor. This control strategy aims to enhance rail network efficiency by allowing trains to couple and decouple while in motion or at stations, ultimately improving speed and flexibility. However, its implementation involves overcoming substantial challenges in controller design to prevent collisions, particularly under emergency braking. This chapter explores virtual coupling's benefits over conventional systems, presenting a MATLAB/Simulink simulation framework that models virtually coupled trains across varied scenarios. It focuses on the Calder Valley line between Leeds and Sowerby Bridge on the UK Rail Network's North & East route. This study is motivated by high daily commuter volumes in West Yorkshire’s urban hubs (Leeds, Bradford, Halifax) and extends to Sowerby Bridge to assess potential added flexibility. Specifically, for trains operated by Northern Rails, an adaptive sliding model control algorithm is developed, factoring in existing communication infrastructure. By modelling and integrating communication delays into controller design, results indicate this system's promise to increase network capacity, efficiency, and safety.