Lee, Y.M. orcid.org/0000-0003-3601-4191, Sidorov, V., Madigan, R. orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-8012 et al. (3 more authors) (2024) Hello, is it me you're Stopping for? The Effect of external Human Machine Interface Familiarity on Pedestrians' Crossing Behaviour in an Ambiguous Situation. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. ISSN 0018-7208
Abstract
Objective
We investigated how different deceleration intentions (i.e. an automated vehicle either decelerated for leading traffic or yielded for pedestrians) and a novel (Slow Pulsing Light Band – SPLB) or familiar (Flashing Headlights – FH) external Human Machine Interface (eHMI) informed pedestrians’ crossing behaviour.
Background
The introduction of SAE Level 4 Automated Vehicles (AVs) has recently fuelled interest in new forms of explicit communication via eHMIs, to improve the interaction between AVs and surrounding road users. Before implementing these eHMIs, it is necessary to understand how pedestrians use them to inform their crossing decisions.
Method
Thirty participants took part in the study using a Head-Mounted Display. The independent variables were deceleration intentions and eHMI design. The percentage of crossings, collision frequency and crossing initiation time across trials were measured.
Results
Pedestrians were able to identify the intentions of a decelerating vehicle, using implicit cues, with more crossings made when the approaching vehicles were yielding to them. They were also more likely to cross when a familiar eHMI was presented, compared to a novel one or no eHMI, regardless of the vehicle’s intention. Finally, participants learned to take a more cautious approach as trials progressed, and not to base their decisions solely on the eHMI.
Conclusion
A familiar eHMI led to early crossings regardless of the vehicle’s intention but also led to a higher collision frequency than a novel eHMI.
Application
To achieve safe and acceptable interactions with AVs, it is important to provide eHMIs that are congruent with road users’ expectations.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2024 The Author(s). This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the Sage and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). |
Keywords: | automated vehicles, external human–machine interface, interaction, pedestrians, crossing, malfunction, deceleration, intention |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Environment (Leeds) > Institute for Transport Studies (Leeds) > ITS: Safety and Technology (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 16 Oct 2024 10:42 |
Last Modified: | 16 Oct 2024 10:42 |
Published Version: | https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/001872082... |
Status: | Published online |
Publisher: | SAGE |
Identification Number: | 10.1177/00187208241272070 |
Related URLs: | |
Sustainable Development Goals: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:218447 |