Enhanced rock weathering for carbon removal–monitoring and mitigating potential environmental impacts on agricultural land

Terrestrial enhanced rock weathering (ERW) is the application of pulverized silicate rock to soils for the purposes of carbon removal and improved soil health. Although a geochemical modeling framework for ERW in soils is emerging, there is a scarcity of experimental and field trial data exploring potential environmental impacts, risks, and monitoring strategies associated with this practice. This paper identifies potential negative consequences and positive cobenefits of ERW scale-up and suggests mitigation and monitoring strategies. To do so, we examined literature on not only ERW but also industry, agriculture, ecosystem science, water chemistry, and human health. From this work, we develop recommendations for future research, infrastructure, and policy needs. We also recommend target metrics, risk mitigation strategies, and best practices for monitoring that will permit early detection and prevention of negative environmental impacts.