Schuster, S. orcid.org/0000-0003-1997-0026, Santiago, J. orcid.org/0000-0002-2669-2899 and Visser, M. orcid.org/0000-0003-1088-6485 (2023) ADM mass in warp drive spacetimes. General Relativity and Gravitation, 55 (1). 14. ISSN 0001-7701
Abstract
What happens when a warp bubble has mass? This seemingly innocent question forces one to carefully formalize exactly what one means by a warp bubble, exactly what one means by having the warp bubble “move” with respect to the fixed stars, and forces one to more carefully examine the notion of mass in warp-drive spacetimes. This is the goal of the present article. In this process, we will see that often-made throw-away comments regarding “payloads” are even simpler than commonly assumed, while there are two further, distinct yet subtle ways in which a mass can appear in connection with a warp drive space-time: One, that the warp bubble (not its payload) has the mass; two, that the mass is a background feature in front of which the warp drive moves. For simplicity, we consider generic Natário warp drives with zero-vorticity flow field. The resulting spacetimes are sufficiently simple to allow an exact and fully explicit computation of all of the stress-energy components, and verify that (as expected) the null energy condition (NEC) is violated. Likewise the weak, strong, and dominant energy conditions (WEC, SEC, DEC) are violated. Indeed, this confirms the community’s folk wisdom, and recent (fully general, but implicit) results of the present authors which closed previous gaps in the argument. However, folk wisdom should be carefully and critically examined before being believed, and the present examples for general results will greatly aid physical intuition.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © The Author(s) 2023. s This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
Keywords: | Warp drive; Warp bubble; Natário zero-vorticity warp drive; ADM mass; Warped Schwarzschild spacetimes; Energy conditions |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Science (Sheffield) > School of Mathematics and Statistics (Sheffield) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Sheffield |
Date Deposited: | 09 Aug 2024 14:52 |
Last Modified: | 09 Aug 2024 14:52 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Springer Science and Business Media LLC |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1007/s10714-022-03061-9 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:215730 |