Hussain, A., Gondal, M. orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-558X, Abdallah, N. et al. (2 more authors) (2020) Synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis (SAPHO): an interesting clinical syndrome. Cureus, 12 (9). e10184. ISSN 2168-8184
Abstract
Synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome is a rare disorder that classically involves the musculoskeletal system, i.e. bone, joint and skin. The exact pathogenesis of this syndrome is unknown. However, autoimmunity, infections, immune malfunction and genetic factors are attributed to its pathophysiology. Bone and joint involvements are the hallmark of SAPHO syndrome and not necessarily require cutaneous involvement at the time of diagnosis. X-ray of the affected joints could show osteitis with sclerosis. Anterior chest wall involvement particularly ''bullhead appearance'' seen on bone scan is a striking feature of the syndrome. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is usually elevated amongst the majority of patients. Diagnosis of SAPHO is always challenging and often delayed because of a multitude of symptoms. The mainstay of treatment is control of pain and inflammation with both non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and rescue courses of systemic steroids. If failed to control symptoms with first-line agents and in those with severe disease, disease-modifying anti-inflammatory drugs (DMARDs) may be needed eventually. Despite a chronic inflammatory condition, it remains stable in the majority of cases. Here in this case report, we reiterate the importance of early recognition, timely diagnosis and prompt treatment initiation.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2020 Hussain et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 4.0. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
Keywords: | bullhead sign; cutibacterium acnes; dmards; sapho syndrome |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health (Sheffield) > School of Medicine and Population Health |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Sheffield |
Date Deposited: | 08 Aug 2024 11:27 |
Last Modified: | 08 Aug 2024 11:30 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Springer Science and Business Media LLC |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.7759/cureus.10184 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:215301 |