Green Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) for Sustainable Metal Recovery from Thermally Treated PCBs: A Greener Alternative to Conventional Methods

Abstract

Waste PCBs the core of e-waste is rich in copper, tin, zinc, iron, and nickel. Leaching base metals from PCB used to be done in toxic, corrosive acidic/alkali mediums. In this work, an environmentally friendly method for leaching metals from thermally treated PCBs (TPCBs) of mobile phones was proposed using choline chloride based deep eutectic solvents (DES). DES selectivity and solubility of metals from metal oxides were the main screening criteria. FA−ChCl had the maximum solubility of Cu, Fe, and Ni, while Urea−ChCl had high Zn selectivity and solubility. Oxalic acid has high selectivity for Sn. FA−ChCl extracted Cu and Fe best at 16 h, 100 °C, and 1/30 g/mL. Urea−ChCl extracted Zn (90.4±2.9 %) from TPCBs at 100 °C, 21 h, 1/20 g/mL, and 400 rpm. Oxalic acid (1 M) removed 92.3±2.1 % Sn from TPCBs in 1 h at 80 °C and 1/20 g/mL. The shrinking core model-based kinetic investigation of FA−ChCl for Cu extraction showed a diffusion-controlled process. The proposed method is greener than mineral acids utilized for metal extraction.

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Item Type:	Article
Authors/Creators:	Mishra, S. Hunter, T.N. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3922-491X Pant, K.K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0722-8871 Harbottle, D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0169-517X
Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information:	© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH. This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Mishra, S., Hunter, T.N. , Pant, K.K. et al. (1 more author) (2024) Green Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) for Sustainable Metal Recovery from Thermally Treated PCBs: A Greener Alternative to Conventional Methods. ChemSusChem, 17 (8). e202301418. ISSN 1864-5631, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.202301418. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited.
Keywords:	Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs); Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES); Metal extraction; Kinetics; DFT calculations
Dates:	Published: 22 April 2024 Published (online): 8 January 2024
Institution:	The University of Leeds
Academic Units:	The University of Leeds > Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences (Leeds) > School of Chemical & Process Engineering (Leeds)
Depositing User:	Symplectic Publications
Date Deposited:	18 Jun 2024 15:57
Last Modified:	08 Jan 2025 01:13
Status:	Published
Publisher:	Wiley
Identification Number:	10.1002/cssc.202301418
Related URLs:	PubMed URL
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID):	oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:213501

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Green Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) for Sustainable Metal Recovery from Thermally Treated PCBs: A Greener Alternative to Conventional Methods

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