Henderson, A., Sullivan, M.V., Hand, R.A. orcid.org/0000-0002-3166-1798 et al. (1 more author) (2022) Detection of selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) in serum using a molecularly imprinted nanoparticle surface plasmon resonance sensor. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 10 (35). pp. 6792-6799. ISSN 2050-750X
Abstract
Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs) are a fairly new class of therapeutic compounds that act upon the androgen receptor. They proffer similar anabolic properties to steroids, but with a much-reduced androgenic profile. They have become a popular substance of abuse in competitive sport. Being relatively new, detection systems are limited to chromatographic methods. Here we present a surface plasmon resonance sensor for three commonly-used SARMS, Andarine, Ligandrol and RAD-140, using high-affinity molecularly imprinted nanoparticles (nanoMIPs) as the recognition element. Synthesised nanoMIPS exhibited dissociation constant (KD) values of 29.3 nM, 52.5 nM and 75.1 nM for Andarine, Ligandrol and RAD-140 nanoMIPs, respectively. Cross-reactivity of the particles was explored using the alternative SARMs, with the nanoMIPs demonstrating good specificity. Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) was used to assess the ability of the SPR-based nanoMIP sensor to detect the target compounds in a comparable biological matrix, with observed KD values of 12.3 nM, 31.9 nM and 28.1 nM for Andarine, Ligandrol and RAD-140 nanoMIPs, respectively. Theoretical limits of detection (LoD) were estimated from a calibration plot in FBS and show that the nanoMIP-based sensors have the potential to theoretically measure these SARMs in the low to sub nM range. Crucially these levels are below the minimum required performance limit (MRPL) set for these compounds by WADA. This study highlights the power of modern molecular imprinting to rapidly address required molecular recognition for new compounds of interest.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2022 The Royal Society of Chemistry. This is an author-produced version of a paper subsequently published in Journal of Materials Chemistry B. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Keywords: | Acetamides; Aminophenols; Nanoparticles; Nitriles; Oxadiazoles; Receptors, Androgen; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Surface Plasmon Resonance |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Sheffield |
Academic Units: | The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Science (Sheffield) > Department of Chemistry (Sheffield) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Sheffield |
Date Deposited: | 14 Apr 2023 09:24 |
Last Modified: | 06 Jun 2023 00:13 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1039/d2tb00270a |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:198121 |