Iooss, G and Rucklidge, A orcid.org/0000-0003-2985-0976 (2022) Patterns and Quasipatterns from the Superposition of Two Hexagonal Lattices. SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems, 21 (2). pp. 1119-1165. ISSN 1536-0040
Abstract
When two-dimensional pattern-forming problems are posed on a periodic domain, classical techniques (Lyapunov--Schmidt, equivariant bifurcation theory) give considerable information about what periodic patterns are formed in the transition where the featureless state loses stability. When the problem is posed on the whole plane, these periodic patterns are still present. Recent work on the Swift--Hohenberg equation (an archetypal pattern-forming partial differential equation) has proved the existence of quasipatterns, which are not spatially periodic and yet still have long-range order. Quasipatterns may have eight-fold, ten-fold, twelve-fold, and higher rotational symmetry, which preclude periodicity. There are also quasipatterns with six-fold rotational symmetry made up from the superposition of two equal amplitude hexagonal patterns rotated by almost any angle $\alpha$ with respect to each other. Here, we revisit the Swift--Hohenberg equation (with quadratic as well as cubic nonlinearities) and prove existence of several new quasipatterns. The most surprising are hexa-rolls: periodic and quasiperiodic patterns made from the superposition of hexagons and rolls (stripes) oriented in almost any direction with respect to each other and with any relative translation; these bifurcate directly from the featureless solution. In addition, we find quasipatterns made from the superposition of hexagons with unequal amplitude (provided the coefficient of the quadratic nonlinearity is small). We consider the periodic case as well, and extend the class of known solutions, including the superposition of hexagons and rolls. While we have focused on the Swift--Hohenberg equation, our work contributes to the general question of what periodic or quasiperiodic patterns should be found generically in pattern-forming problems on the plane.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | This is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This is an author produced version of an article published in SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Keywords: | quasipatterns; superlattice patterns; Swift--Hohenberg equation |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences (Leeds) > School of Mathematics (Leeds) > Applied Mathematics (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 13 Jan 2022 11:34 |
Last Modified: | 28 May 2022 01:07 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Society of Industrial and Applied Mathematics |
Identification Number: | 10.1137/20M1372780 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:181973 |