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Comber, A. orcid.org/0000-0002-3652-7846, Brunsdon, C., Charlton, M. et al. (8 more authors) (2020) The GWR route map: a guide to the informed application of Geographically Weighted Regression. [Preprint - arXiv]
Abstract
Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) is increasingly used in spatial analyses of social and environmental data. It allows spatial heterogeneities in processes and relationships to be investigated through a series of local regression models rather than a global one. Standard GWR assumes that the relationships between the response and predictor variables operate at the same spatial scale, which is frequently not the case. To address this, several GWR variants have been proposed. This paper describes a route map to inform the choice of whether to use a GWR model or not, and if so which of three core variants to apply: a standard GWR, a mixed GWR or a multiscale GWR (MS-GWR). The route map comprises primary steps: a basic linear regression, a MS-GWR, and investigations of the results of these. The paper provides guidance for deciding whether to use a GWR approach, and if so for determining the appropriate GWR variant. It describes the importance of investigating a number of secondary issues at global and local scales including collinearity, the influence of outliers, and dependent error terms. Code and data for the case study used to illustrate the route map are provided, and further considerations are described in an extensive Appendix.
Metadata
Item Type: | Preprint |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | This is an open access preprint under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Keywords: | Spatially varying coefficient model; non-stationarity; spatial heterogeneity; autocorrelation; regression |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Environment (Leeds) > School of Geography (Leeds) > Centre for Spatial Analysis & Policy (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 09 Jan 2025 11:56 |
Last Modified: | 09 Jan 2025 11:56 |
Published Version: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.06070 |
Identification Number: | 10.48550/arXiv.2004.06070 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:181024 |
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