Design, construction and operation of the ProtoDUNE-SP Liquid Argon TPC

Abstract

The ProtoDUNE-SP detector is a single-phase liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) that was constructed and operated in the CERN North Area at the end of the H4 beamline. This detector is a prototype for the first far detector module of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), which will be constructed at the Sandford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, U.S.A. The ProtoDUNE-SP detector incorporates full-size components as designed for DUNE and has an active volume of 7 × 6 × 7.2 m3 . The H4 beam delivers incident particles with well-measured momenta and high-purity particle identification. ProtoDUNE-SP’s successful operation between 2018 and 2020 demonstrates the effectiveness of the single-phase far detector design. This paper describes the design, construction, assembly and operation of the detector components.

Metadata

Item Type:	Article
Authors/Creators:	Collaboration, DUNE Abud, AA Abi, B Acciarri, R Acero, MA Adames, MR Adamov, G Adams, D Adinolfi, M Aduszkiewicz, A Aguilar, J Ahmad, Z Ahmed, J Ali-Mohammadzadeh, B Alion, T Allison, K Monsalve, SA Alrashed, M Alt, C Alton, A Amedo, P Anderson, J Andreopoulos, C Andreotti, M Andrews, MP Andrianala, F Andringa, S Anfimov, N Ankowski, A Antoniassi, M Antonova, M Antoshkin, A Antusch, S Aranda-Fernandez, A Ariga, A Arnold, LO Arroyave, MA Asaadi, J Asquith, L Aurisano, A Aushev, V Autiero, D Ayala-Torres, M Azfar, F Back, A Back, H Back, JJ Backhouse, C Baesso, P Bagaturia, I Bagby, L Balashov, N Balasubramanian, S Baldi, P Baller, B Bambah, B Barao, F Barenboim, G Barker, GJ Barkhouse, W Barnes, C Barr, G Monarca, JB Barros, A Barros, N Barrow, JL Basharina-Freshville, A Bashyal, A Basque, V Belchior, E Battat, JBR Battisti, F Bay, F Alba, JLB Beacom, JF Bechetoille, E Behera, B Bellantoni, L Bellettini, G Bellini, V Beltramello, O Belver, D Benekos, N Montiel, CB Neves, FB Berger, J Berkman, S Bernardini, P Berner, RM Berns, H Bertolucci, S Betancourt, M Rodríguez, AB Bevan, A Bezerra, TJC Bhattacharjee, M Bhuller, S Bhuyan, B Biagi, S Bian, J Biassoni, M Biery, K Bilki, B Bishai, M Bitadze, A Blake, A Blaszczyk, FDM Blazey, GC Blucher, E Boissevain, J Bolognesi, S Bolton, T Bomben, L Bonesini, M Bongrand, M Bonini, F Booth, A Booth, C Boran, F Bordoni, S Borkum, A Boschi, T Bostan, N Bour, P Bourgeois, C Boyd, SB Boyden, D Bracinik, J Braga, D Brailsford, D Branca, A Brandt, A Bremer, J Brew, C Brianne, E Brice, SJ Brizzolari, C Bromberg, C Brooijmans, G Brooke, J Bross, A Brunetti, G Brunetti, M Buchanan, N Budd, H Butorov, I Cagnoli, I Caiulo, D Calabrese, R Calafiura, P Calcutt, J Calin, M Calvez, S Calvo, E Caminata, A Campanelli, M Cankocak, K Caratelli, D Carini, G Carlus, B Carneiro, MF Carniti, P Terrazas, IC Carranza, H Carroll, T Casta, JF Castillo, A Castromonte, C Catano-Mur, E Cattadori, C Cavalier, F Cavanna, F Centro, S Cerati, G Cervelli, A Villanueva, AC Chalifour, M Chappell, A Chardonnet, E Charitonidis, N Chatterjee, A Chattopadhyay, S Chen, H Chen, K Chen, M Chen, Y Chen, Z Cheon, Y Cherdack, D Chi, C Childress, S Chiriacescu, A Chisnall, G Cho, K Choate, S Chokheli, D Chong, PS Choubey, S Christensen, A Christian, D Christodoulou, G Chukanov, A Chung, M Church, E Cicero, V Clarke, P Coan, TE Cocco, AG Coelho, JAB Conley, E Conley, R Conrad, JM Convery, M Copello, S Corwin, L Valentim, R Cremaldi, L Cremonesi, L Crespo-Anadon, JI Crisler, M Cristaldo, E Cross, R Cudd, A Cuesta, C Cui, Y Cussans, D Dabrowski, M Dalager, O Motta, HD Peres, LDS David, C David, Q Davies, GS Davini, S Dawson, J De, K Almeida, RMD Debbins, P Bonis, ID Decowski, MP Gouvea, AD Holanda, PCD Astiz, ILDI Deisting, A Jong, PD Delbart, A Delepine, D Delgado, M Dell'Acqua, A Lurgio, PD Neto, JRTDM DeMuth, DM Dennis, S Densham, C Deptuch, GW Roeck, AD Romeri, VD Souza, GD Devi, R Dharmapalan, R Dias, M Diaz, F Diaz, JS Domizio, SD Giulio, LD Ding, P Noto, LD Distefano, C Diurba, R Diwan, M Djurcic, Z Doering, D Dolan, S Dolek, F Dolinski, MJ Domine, L Douglas, D Douillet, D Drake, G Drielsma, F Duarte, L Duchesneau, D Duffy, K Dunne, P Durkin, T Duyang, H Dvornikov, O Dwyer, DA Dyshkant, AS Eads, M Earle, A Edmunds, D Eisch, J Emberger, L Emery, S Ereditato, A Erjavec, T Escobar, CO Eurin, G Evans, JJ Ewart, E Ezeribe, AC Fahey, K Falcone, A Faní, M Farnese, C Farzan, Y Fedoseev, D Felix, J Feng, Y Fernandez-Martinez, E Menendez, PF Morales, MF Ferraro, F Fields, L Filip, P Filthaut, F Fiorentini, A Fiorini, M Fitzpatrick, RS Flanagan, W Fleming, B Flight, R Forero, DV Fowler, J Fox, W Franc, J Francis, K Franco, D Freeman, J Freestone, J Fried, J Friedland, A Robayo, FF Fuess, S Furic, I Furmanski, AP Gabrielli, A Gago, A Gallagher, H Gallas, A Gallego-Ros, A Gallice, N Galymov, V Gamberini, E Gamble, T Ganacim, F Gandhi, R Gandrajula, R Gao, F Gao, S B, ACG Garcia-Gamez, D García-Peris, MA Gardiner, S Gastler, D Gauvreau, J Ge, G Gelli, B Gendotti, A Gent, S Ghorbani-Moghaddam, Z Giammaria, P Giammaria, T Gibin, D Gil-Botella, I Gilligan, S Girerd, C Giri, AK Gnani, D Gogota, O Gold, M Gollapinni, S Gollwitzer, K Gomes, RA Bermeo, LVG Fajardo, LSG Gonnella, F Gonzalez-Cuevas, JA Diaz, DG Gonzalez-Lopez, M Goodman, MC Goodwin, O Goswami, S Gotti, C Goudzovski, E Grace, C Graham, M Gran, R Granados, E Granger, P Grant, A Grant, C Gratieri, D Green, P Greenler, L Greer, J Grenard, J Griffith, WC Groh, M Grudzinski, J Grzelak, K Gu, W Guardincerri, E Guarino, V Guarise, M Guenette, R Guerard, E Guerzoni, M Guglielmi, A Guo, B Guthikonda, KK Gutierrez, R Guzowski, P Guzzo, MM Gwon, S Ha, C Habig, A Hadavand, H Haenni, R Hahn, A Haiston, J Hamacher-Baumann, P Hamernik, T Hamilton, P Han, J Harris, DA Hartnell, J Harton, J Hasegawa, T Hasnip, C Hatcher, R Hatfield, KW Hatzikoutelis, A Hayes, C Hayrapetyan, K Hays, J Hazen, E He, M Heavey, A Heeger, KM Heise, J Hennessy, K Henry, S Morquecho, MAH Herner, K Hertel, L Hewes, J Higuera, A Hill, T Hillier, SJ Himmel, A Hirsch, LR Ho, J Hoff, J Holin, A Hoppe, E Horton-Smith, GA Hostert, M Hourlier, A Howard, B Howell, R Hristova, I Hronek, MS Huang, J Huang, J Hugon, J Iles, G Ilic, N Iliescu, AM Illingworth, R Ingratta, G Ioannisian, A Isenhower, L Itay, R Izmaylov, A Jackson, CM Jain, V James, E Jang, W Jargowsky, B Jediny, F Jena, D Jeong, YS Jesus-Valls, C Ji, X Jiang, L Jimenez, S Jipa, A Johnson, R Johnston, N Jones, B Jones, SB Judah, M Jung, CK Junk, T Jwa, Y Kabirnezhad, M Kaboth, A Kadenko, I Kalra, D Kakorin, I Kalitkina, A Kamiya, F Kaneshige, N Karagiorgi, G Karaman, G Karcher, A Karolak, M Karyotakis, Y Kasai, S Kasetti, SP Kashur, L Kazaryan, N Kearns, E Keener, P Kelly, KJ Kemp, E Kemularia, O Ketchum, W Kettell, SH Khabibullin, M Khotjantsev, A Khvedelidze, A Kim, D King, B Kirby, B Kirby, M Klein, J Koehler, K Koerner, LW Kohn, S Koller, PP Kolupaeva, L Korablev, D Kordosky, M Kosc, T Kose, U Kostelecky, VA Kothekar, K Krennrich, F Kreslo, I Kropp, W Kudenko, Y Kudryavtsev, VA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7018-5827 Kulagin, S Kumar, J Kumar, P Kunze, P Kuruppu, C Kus, V Kutter, T Kvasnicka, J Kwak, D Lambert, A Land, BJ Lande, K Lane, CE Lang, K Langford, T Langstaff, M Larkin, J Lasorak, P Last, D Lastoria, C Laundrie, A Laurenti, G Lawrence, A Lazanu, I LaZur, R Lazzaroni, M Le, T Leardini, S Learned, J LeBrun, P LeCompte, T Lee, C Lee, SY Miotto, GL Lehnert, R Oliveira, MALD Leitner, M Lepin, LM Li, L Li, SW Li, T Li, Y Liao, H Lin, CS Lin, Q Lin, S Ling, J Lister, A Littlejohn, BR Liu, J Lockwitz, S Loew, T Lokajicek, M Lomidze, I Long, K Loo, K Lord, T LoSecco, JM Louis, WC Lu, X-G Luk, KB Luo, X Luppi, E Lurkin, N Lux, T Luzio, VP MacFarlane, D Machado, AA Machado, P Macias, CT Macier, JR Maddalena, A Madera, A Madigan, P Magill, S Mahn, K Maio, A Major, A Maloney, JA Mandrioli, G Mandujano, RC Maneira, J Manenti, L Manly, S Mann, A Manolopoulos, K Plata, MM Manyam, VN Manzanillas, L Marchan, M Marchionni, A Marciano, W Marfatia, D Mariani, C Maricic, J Marie, R Marinho, F Marino, AD Marsden, D Marshak, M Marshall, CM Marshall, J Marteau, J Martin-Albo, J Martinez, N Caicedo, DAM Martynenko, S Mascagna, V Mason, K Mastbaum, A Masud, M Matichard, F Matsuno, S Matthews, J Mauger, C Mauri, N Mavrokoridis, K Mawby, I Mazza, R Mazzacane, A Mazzucato, E McAskill, T McCluskey, E McConkey, N McFarland, KS McGrew, C McNab, A Mefodiev, A Mehta, P Melas, P Mena, O Menary, S Mendez, H Mendez, P M, DP Menegolli, A Meng, G Messier, MD Metcalf, W Mettler, T Mewes, M Meyer, H Miao, T Michna, G Miedema, T Mikola, V Milincic, R Miller, G Miller, W Mills, J Milne, C Mineev, O Miranda, OG Miryala, S Mishra, CS Mishra, SR Mislivec, A Mladenov, D Mocioiu, I Moffat, K Moggi, N Mohanta, R Mohayai, TA Mokhov, N Molina, J Bueno, LM Montagna, E Montanari, A Montanari, C Montanari, D Zetina, LMM Moon, J Moon, SH Mooney, M Moor, AF Moreno, D Morris, C Mossey, C Motuk, E Moura, CA Mousseau, J Mouster, G Mu, W Mualem, L Mueller, J Muether, M Mufson, S Muheim, F Muir, A Mulhearn, M Munford, D Muramatsu, H Murphy, S Musser, J Nachtman, J Nagu, S Nalbandyan, M Nandakumar, R Naples, D Narita, S Nath, A Navas-Nicolás, D Navrer-Agasson, A Nayak, N Nebot-Guinot, M Negishi, K Nelson, JK Nesbit, J Nessi, M Newbold, D Newcomer, M Newhart, D Newton, H Nichol, R Nicolas-Arnaldos, F Niner, E Nishimura, K Norman, A Norrick, A Northrop, R Novella, P Nowak, JA Oberling, M Ochoa-Ricoux, JP Campo, AOD Olivier, A Olshevskiy, A Onel, Y Onishchuk, Y Ott, J Pagani, L Pakvasa, S Palacio, G Palamara, O Palestini, S Paley, JM Pallavicini, M Palomares, C Palomino-Gallo, JL Vazquez, WP Pantic, E Paolone, V Papadimitriou, V Papaleo, R Papanestis, A Paramesvaran, S Parke, S Parozzi, E Parsa, Z Parvu, M Pascoli, S Pasqualini, L Pasternak, J Pater, J Patrick, C Patrizii, L Patterson, RB Patton, SJ Patzak, T Paudel, A Paulos, B Paulucci, L Pavlovic, Z Pawloski, G Payne, D Pec, V Peeters, SJM Pennacchio, E Penzo, A Peres, OLG Perry, J Pershey, D Pessina, G Petrillo, G Petta, C Petti, R Piastra, F Pickering, L Pietropaolo, F Plunkett, R Poling, R Pons, X Poonthottathil, N Poppi, F Pordes, S Porter, J Potekhin, M Potenza, R Potukuchi, BVKS Pozimski, J Pozzato, M Prakash, S Prakash, T Prest, M Prince, S Psihas, F Pugnere, D Qian, X Bazetto, MCQ Raaf, JL Radeka, V Rademacker, J Radics, B Rafique, A Raguzin, E Rai, M Rajaoalisoa, M Rakhno, I Rakotonandrasana, A Rakotondravohitra, L Ramachers, YA Rameika, R Delgado, MAR Ramson, B Rappoldi, A Raselli, G Ratoff, P Raut, S Razakamiandra, RF Rea, E Real, JS Rebel, B Reggiani-Guzzo, M Rehak, T Reichenbacher, J Reitzner, SD Sfar, HR Renshaw, A Rescia, S Resnati, F Reynolds, A Ribas, M Riboldi, S Riccio, C Riccobene, G Rice, LCJ Ricol, J Rigamonti, A Rigaut, Y Rivera, D Robert, A Rochester, L Roda, M Rodrigues, P Alonso, MJR Bonilla, ER Rondon, JR Villa, LAR Rosauro-Alcaraz, S Rosenberg, M Rosier, P Roskovec, B Rossella, M Rossi, M Rout, J Roy, P Roy, S Rubbia, A Rubbia, C Rubio, FC Russell, B Ruterbories, D Rybnikov, A Saa-Hernandez, A Saakyan, R Sacerdoti, S Safford, T Sahu, N Sala, P Samios, N Samoylov, O Sanchez, MC Sandberg, V Sanders, DA Sankey, D Santana, S Santos-Maldonado, M Saoulidou, N Sapienza, P Sarasty, C Sarcevic, I Savage, G Savinov, V Scaramelli, A Scarff, A Scarpelli, A Schaffer, T Schellman, H Schifano, S Schlabach, P Schmitz, D Scholberg, K Schukraft, A Segreto, E Selyunin, A Senise, CR Sensenig, J Seoane, M Seong, I Sergi, A Sgalaberna, D Shaevitz, MH Shafaq, S Shamma, M Sharankova, R Sharma, HR Sharma, R Kumar, R Shaw, T Shepherd-Themistocleous, C Sheshukov, A Shin, S Shoemaker, I Shooltz, D Shrock, R Siegel, H Simard, L Simon, F Simos, N Sinclair, J Sinev, G Singh, J Singh, J Singh, L Singh, V Sipos, R Sippach, FW Sirri, G Sitraka, A Siyeon, K Skarpaas, K Smith, A Smith, E Smith, P Smolik, J Smy, M Snider, EL Snopok, P Snowden-Ifft, D Nunes, MS Sobel, H Soderberg, M Sokolov, S Salinas, CJS 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Valencia, E Pia, V Vallari, Z Vallazza, E Valle, JWF Vallecorsa, S Berg, RV Water, RGVD Varanini, F Vargas, D Varner, G Vasel, J Vasina, S Vasseur, G Vaughan, N Vaziri, K Ventura, S Verdugo, A Vergani, S Vermeulen, MA Verzocchi, M Vicenzi, M Souza, HVD Vignoli, C Vilela, C Viren, B Vrba, T Wachala, T Waldron, AV Wallbank, M Wallis, C Wang, H Wang, J Wang, L Wang, MHLS Wang, Y Wang, Y Warburton, K Warner, D Wascko, MO Waters, D Watson, A Weatherly, P Weber, A Weber, M Wei, H Weinstein, A Wenman, D Wetstein, M White, A Whitehead, LH Whittington, D Wilking, MJ Wilkinson, C Williams, Z Wilson, F Wilson, RJ Wisniewski, W Wolcott, J Wongjirad, T Wood, A Wood, K Worcester, E Worcester, M Wret, C Wu, W Wu, W Xiao, Y Xie, F Yandel, E Yang, G Yang, K Yang, S Yang, T Yankelevich, A Yershov, N Yonehara, K Young, T Yu, B Yu, H Yu, H Yu, J Yuan, W Zaki, R Zalesak, J Zambelli, L Zamorano, B Zani, A Zazueta, L Zeller, GP Zennamo, J Zeug, K Zhang, C Zhao, M Zhivun, E Zhu, G Zilberman, P Zimmerman, ED Zito, M Zucchelli, S Zuklin, J Zutshi, V Zwaska, R
Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information:	© 2022 CERN. Published by IOP Publishing Ltd on behalf of Sissa Medialab. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0). Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Keywords:	Noble liquid detectors (scintillation, ionization, double-phase); Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons (solid-state) (PIN diodes, APDs, Si-PMTs, G-APDs, CCDs, EBCCDs, EMCCDs, CMOS imagers, etc); Scintillators, scintillation and light emission processes (solid, gas and liquid scintillators); Time projection Chambers (TPC)
Dates:	Published: 4 January 2022 Published (online): 4 January 2022 Accepted: 6 October 2021
Institution:	The University of Sheffield
Academic Units:	The University of Sheffield > Faculty of Science (Sheffield) > Department of Physics and Astronomy (Sheffield)
Funding Information:	Funder Grant number Science and Technology Facilities Council ST/N001141/1; ST/N000277/1; ST/P00573X/1 Science and Technology Facilities Council ST/R000042/1; ST/R006709/1; ST/S000747/1 Science and Technology Facilities Council ST/S003398/1
Depositing User:	Symplectic Sheffield
Date Deposited:	20 Oct 2021 13:39
Last Modified:	22 Feb 2022 16:33
Status:	Published
Publisher:	IOP Publishing
Refereed:	Yes
Identification Number:	10.1088/1748-0221/17/01/p01005
Related URLs:	arXiv URL
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID):	oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:179434

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Design, construction and operation of the ProtoDUNE-SP Liquid Argon TPC

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