Collins, JW, Marcus, HJ, Ghazi, A et al. (26 more authors) (2022) Ethical implications of AI in robotic surgical training: A Delphi consensus statement. European Urology Focus, 8 (2). pp. 613-622. ISSN 2405-4569
Abstract
Context:
As the role of AI in healthcare continues to expand there is increasing awareness of the potential pitfalls of AI and the need for guidance to avoid them.
Objectives:
To provide ethical guidance on developing narrow AI applications for surgical training curricula. We define standardised approaches to developing AI driven applications in surgical training that address current recognised ethical implications of utilising AI on surgical data. We aim to describe an ethical approach based on the current evidence, understanding of AI and available technologies, by seeking consensus from an expert committee.
Evidence acquisition:
The project was carried out in 3 phases: (1) A steering group was formed to review the literature and summarize current evidence. (2) A larger expert panel convened and discussed the ethical implications of AI application based on the current evidence. A survey was created, with input from panel members. (3) Thirdly, panel-based consensus findings were determined using an online Delphi process to formulate guidance. 30 experts in AI implementation and/or training including clinicians, academics and industry contributed. The Delphi process underwent 3 rounds. Additions to the second and third-round surveys were formulated based on the answers and comments from previous rounds. Consensus opinion was defined as ≥ 80% agreement.
Evidence synthesis:
There was 100% response from all 3 rounds. The resulting formulated guidance showed good internal consistency, with a Cronbach alpha of >0.8. There was 100% consensus that there is currently a lack of guidance on the utilisation of AI in the setting of robotic surgical training. Consensus was reached in multiple areas, including: 1. Data protection and privacy; 2. Reproducibility and transparency; 3. Predictive analytics; 4. Inherent biases; 5. Areas of training most likely to benefit from AI.
Conclusions:
Using the Delphi methodology, we achieved international consensus among experts to develop and reach content validation for guidance on ethical implications of AI in surgical training. Providing an ethical foundation for launching narrow AI applications in surgical training. This guidance will require further validation.
Patient summary:
As the role of AI in healthcare continues to expand there is increasing awareness of the potential pitfalls of AI and the need for guidance to avoid them.In this paper we provide guidance on ethical implications of AI in surgical training.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2021 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. This is an author produced version of an article published in European Urology Focus. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Keywords: | Artificial intelligence; machine learning; narrow AI; GDPR; data protection; privacy; transparency; predictive analytics; biases; training; curriculum development; surgical education; Deep learning; Computer vision; Natural language processing; Learning algorithms; risk prediction |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences (Leeds) > School of Electronic & Electrical Engineering (Leeds) > Robotics, Autonomous Systems & Sensing (Leeds) |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number Royal Society wm150122 |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 21 May 2021 14:14 |
Last Modified: | 29 Jun 2022 01:15 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Elsevier |
Identification Number: | 10.1016/j.euf.2021.04.006 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:174242 |
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