Salivary BPIFA proteins are altered in patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of BPIFA proteins in the saliva and salivary glands of hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) patients.

Material and Methods

This longitudinal study included patients who had undergone autologous HCT (auto‐HCT) and allogeneic HCT (allo‐HCT) and unstimulated saliva were collected at three timepoints, with a fourth collection at oral chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) onset. BPIFA expression was analysed by Western blotting in saliva and immunostaining in the minor salivary glands of cGVHD patients.

Results

Auto‐HCT patients showed increased levels of BPIFA1 (P = 0.021) and BPIFA2 at D+7 (P = 0.040), whereas allo‐HCT group demonstrated decreased expression of BPIFA2 at D+8 (P = 0.002) and at D+80 (P = 0.001) and a significant association between BPIFA2 low levels and hyposalivation was observed (P = 0.02). BPIFA2 was significantly lower in the cGVHD patients when compared to baseline (P = 0.04).

Conclusions

The results of this study show distinct pattern of expression of BPIF proteins in both auto‐HCT and allo‐HCT recipients with decreased levels of BPIFA2 during hyposalivation and cGVHD. Further studies are necessary to elucidate these proteins mechanisms and their clinical implications in these groups of patients.