Beaulieu, K orcid.org/0000-0001-8926-6953, Casanova, N, Oustric, P orcid.org/0000-0003-2004-4222 et al. (4 more authors) (2021) An exploratory investigation of the impact of ‘fast’ and ‘feed’ days during intermittent energy restriction on free-living energy balance behaviours and subjective states in women with overweight/obesity. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 75 (3). pp. 430-437. ISSN 0954-3007
Abstract
Background/objectives
This controlled-feeding randomised controlled trial examined free-living appetite and physical activity (PA) on ‘fast’ and ‘feed’ days during intermittent energy restriction (IER), compared to continuous energy restriction (CER).
Subjects/methods
Forty-six women with overweight/obesity (age = 35 ± 10 years, BMI = 29.1 ± 2.3 kg/m2) were randomised to IER (n = 24; alternate fast days at 25% energy requirements and ad libitum feed days) or CER (n = 22; 75% energy requirements daily) to ≥5% weight loss (WL) or up to 12 weeks. Self-reported energy intake (EI; online food record), objectively measured PA (SenseWear Armband) and retrospective daily hunger and food cravings were measured over 7 days at baseline, week 2 and final week. Intent-to-treat analyses were performed using linear mixed models.
Results
Final WL (MΔ = 4.7 [95% confidence interval 4.2, 5.2] kg, 5.9%) did not differ between IER and CER (interaction P = 0.307). During IER, feed-day EI did not differ from baseline and was lower in the final week compared to week 2 (MΔ = 295 [81, 509] kcal, P = 0.004). Daily hunger was greater on fast compared to feed days (MΔ = 15 [10, 21] mm, P < 0.001), but food cravings did not differ. Light PA was lower on fast relative to feed days (MΔ = 18 [2, 34] min/day, P = 0.024), with no other differences in PA. Compared to CER, IER increased hunger and led to smaller improvements in craving control (both interactions P ≤ 0.034).
Conclusions
IER fast days were associated with increased free-living hunger and lower light PA compared to feed days, but had no impact on food cravings or self-reported ad libitum daily EI. IER may be less favourable than CER for the free-living day-to-day control of hunger and food cravings.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2020. This is an author produced version of an article published in European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Keywords: | Nutrition; Weight management |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Environment (Leeds) > School of Food Science and Nutrition (Leeds) > FSN Nutrition and Public Health (Leeds) The University of Leeds > Faculty of Medicine and Health (Leeds) > School of Psychology (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 30 Nov 2020 10:53 |
Last Modified: | 27 Jul 2022 01:47 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Springer Nature |
Identification Number: | 10.1038/s41430-020-00740-1 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:168419 |