Rozendaal, DMA, Phillips, OL orcid.org/0000-0002-8993-6168, Lewis, SL orcid.org/0000-0002-8066-6851 et al. (40 more authors) (2020) Competition influences tree growth, but not mortality, across environmental gradients in Amazonia and tropical Africa. Ecology, 101 (7). e03052. ISSN 0012-9658
Abstract
Competition among trees is an important driver of community structure and dynamics in tropical forests. Neighboring trees may impact an individual tree's growth rate and probability of mortality, but large-scale geographic and environmental variation in these competitive effects has yet to be evaluated across the tropical forest biome. We quantified effects of competition on tree-level basal area growth and mortality for trees ≥ 10 cm diameter across 151 ~1-ha plots in mature tropical forests in Amazonia and tropical Africa by developing non-linear models that accounted for wood density, tree size and neighborhood crowding. Using these models, we assessed how water availability (i.e., climatic water deficit) and soil fertility influenced the predicted plot-level strength of competition (i.e., the extent to which growth is reduced, or mortality is increased, by competition across all individual trees). On both continents, tree basal area growth decreased with wood density, and increased with tree size. Growth decreased with neighborhood crowding, which suggests that competition is important. Tree mortality decreased with wood density and generally increased with tree size, but was apparently unaffected by neighborhood crowding. Across plots, variation in the plot-level strength of competition was most strongly related to plot basal area (i.e., the sum of the basal area of all trees in a plot), with greater reductions in growth occurring in forests with high basal area, but in Amazonia the strength of competition also varied with plot-level wood density. In Amazonia, the strength of competition increased with water availability because of the greater basal area of wetter forests, but was only weakly related to soil fertility. In Africa, competition was weakly related to soil fertility, and invariant across the shorter water availability gradient. Overall, our results suggest that competition influences the structure and dynamics of tropical forests primarily through effects on individual tree growth rather than mortality, and that the strength of competition largely depends on environment-mediated variation in basal area.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2020 by the Ecological Society of America. This is an author produced version of an article published in Ecology. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Keywords: | climatic water deficit; competition; forest dynamics; mortality; neighborhood effects; soil fertility; trait-based models; tree growth; tropical forest; wood density |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Environment (Leeds) > School of Geography (Leeds) > Ecology & Global Change (Leeds) |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number Leverhulme Trust RF/2/RFG/2004/0457 NERC (Natural Environment Research Council) NE/B503384/1 NERC (Natural Environment Research Council) NE/D01025X/1 NERC (Natural Environment Research Council) NE/F005806/1 NERC (Natural Environment Research Council) NE/I02982X/1 Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation N/A NERC (Natural Environment Research Council) NE/N012542/1 EU - European Union EXT 448221 NERC (Natural Environment Research Council) NE/C51679/1 Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation N/A EU - European Union 283080 EU - European Union 283080 EU - European Union 283080 EU - European Union 283080 Royal Society No External Ref NERC (Natural Environment Research Council) NER/A/S/2003/00609 EU - European Union 291585 (ERC 2011 ADG) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 20 Apr 2020 11:07 |
Last Modified: | 15 Jun 2022 21:32 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Wiley |
Identification Number: | 10.1002/ecy.3052 |
Related URLs: | |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:159535 |