Analyses of 'change scores' do not estimate causal effects in observational data

Tennant, PWG, Arnold, KF, Ellison, GTH orcid.org/0000-0001-8914-6812 et al. (1 more author) (2022) Analyses of 'change scores' do not estimate causal effects in observational data. International Journal of Epidemiology, 51 (5). pp. 1604-1615. ISSN 0300-5771

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Item Type: Article
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© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association. 1604 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Keywords: Analysis of change; change scores; difference scores; gain scores; change-from-baseline variables; directed acyclic graphs
Dates:
  • Published: October 2022
  • Published (online): 7 June 2021
  • Accepted: 2 March 2021
Institution: The University of Leeds
Academic Units: The University of Leeds > Faculty of Medicine and Health (Leeds) > School of Medicine (Leeds) > Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM) > Clinical & Population Science Dept (Leeds)
Depositing User: Symplectic Publications
Date Deposited: 07 May 2024 13:26
Last Modified: 07 May 2024 13:26
Status: Published
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Identification Number: 10.1093/ije/dyab050
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID):

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