Owen, J, Ducker, E, Huggan, M et al. (3 more authors) (2019) Design of an elbow for integrated gravimetric, electrochemical and acoustic emission measurements in erosion-corrosion pipe flow environments. Wear, 428–429. pp. 76-84. ISSN 0043-1648
Abstract
Erosion-corrosion degradation in oil and gas pipelines is a significant problem, and a change in flow geometry can significantly enhance rates of degradation. In this study, a 3D printed 90° elbow, integrated into a flow loop, was developed to evaluate erosion-corrosion of X65 carbon steel along both the inner and outer internal portions of the bend in an aqueous carbon dioxide (CO2)-saturated environment containing sand particles. Designing representative geometries capable of measuring rates of corrosion, erosion and their synergistic interactions, can be challenging and currently no designs have been reported in literature that effectively integrate the required measuring techniques to determine local degradation rates throughout the component. To elucidate the individual contributions to overall erosion-corrosion degradation rates, gravimetric and electrochemical measurement techniques were used to quantify degradation rates at multiple locations in the flow geometry, with the specimen design also enabling the possibility of completing acoustic emission measurements to detect particle impacts. The design of the elbow is presented and erosion-corrosion tests were conducted to determine the magnitude and individual contributions of erosion, corrosion and erosion-corrosion interactions at a flow velocity of 6 m/s in a CO2-saturated, pH 4, 60 °C, 2 wt% NaCl solution containing 1000 mg/L of sand particles.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. This is an author produced version of a paper published in Wear. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences (Leeds) > School of Mechanical Engineering (Leeds) > Institute of Engineering Thermofluids, Surfaces & Interfaces (iETSI) (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 18 Mar 2019 11:58 |
Last Modified: | 11 Mar 2020 01:38 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Elsevier |
Identification Number: | 10.1016/j.wear.2019.03.010 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:143734 |
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