Haruna, MA, Hu, Z, Gao, H et al. (3 more authors) (2019) Influence of carbon quantum dots on the viscosity reduction of polyacrylamide solution. Fuel, 248. pp. 205-214. ISSN 1873-7153
Abstract
Viscosity is one of the key factors which influence the application of polyacrylamide (PAM) in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). In this study, we have demonstrated the viscosity reduction of PAM solution by using carbon quantum dots (CQDs) through rheological, spectroscopic and thermal analyses. The stability of PAM, CQDs, and PAM/CQDs composites, and the chemical interactions between PAM and CQDs were investigated. The addition of CQDs into PAM solution decreased its viscosity, demonstrating a phenomenon which contradicts the expression normally derived from the Einstein–Batchelor law for the viscosity of particle suspensions. Consequently, the elastic properties of PAM/CQDs composites were lower than those of the pure PAM solutions. Moreover, the presence of CQDs in the PAM increased its flow activation energy and decreased its yield point, leading to an increased sensitivity to both temperature and shear rate. The mechanism behind the reduced viscosity behaviour of PAM/CQDs composites appears to be the formation of free radicals and the elimination of ammonia molecules, leading to the deterioration of the polymer backbone.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. This is an author produced version of a paper published in Fuel. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Keywords: | Rheology; Reduced viscosity; Polyacrylamide; Carbon quantum dots; Viscoelasticity |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Engineering & Physical Sciences (Leeds) > School of Chemical & Process Engineering (Leeds) |
Funding Information: | Funder Grant number EU - European Union 648375 |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 15 Mar 2019 13:25 |
Last Modified: | 03 May 2022 14:29 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Elsevier |
Identification Number: | 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.03.039 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:143704 |
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Filename: Electronic%20Supplementary%20Information%20for%20PAM-CD[1].pdf
Licence: CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0