Melgosa, M, Richard, N, Fernández-Maloigne, C et al. (4 more authors) (2018) Colour differences in Caucasian and Oriental women's faces illuminated by white light‐emitting diode sources. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 40 (3). pp. 244-255. ISSN 0142-5463
Abstract
Objective: To provide an approach to facial contrast, analysing CIELAB colour differences ΔΕ*ab,10 and its components in women's faces from two different ethnic groups, illuminated by modern white light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) or traditional illuminants recommended by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE).
Methods: We performed spectrophotometric measurements of spectral reflectance factors on forehead and cheek of 87 young healthy women (50 Caucasians and 37 Orientals), plus five commercial red lipsticks. We considered a set of 10 white LED illuminants, representative of technologies currently available on the market, plus eight main illuminants currently recommended by the CIE, representative of conventional incandescent, daylight and fluorescent light sources. Under each of these 18 illuminants, we analysed the magnitude and components of ΔΕ*ab,10 between Caucasian and Oriental women (considering cheek and forehead), as well as for cheek–forehead and cheek–lipsticks in Caucasian and Oriental women. Colour‐inconstancy indices for cheek, forehead and lipsticks were computed, assuming D65 and A as reference illuminants.
Results: ΔΕ*ab,10 between forehead and cheek were quantitatively and qualitatively different in Orientals and Caucasians, but discrepancies with respect to average values for 18 illuminants were small (1.5% and 5.0% for Orientals and Caucasians, respectively). ΔΕ*ab,10 between Caucasians and Orientals were also quantitatively and qualitatively different both for forehead and cheek, and discrepancies with respect to average values were again small (1.0% and 3.9% for forehead and cheek, respectively). ΔΕ*ab,10 between lipsticks and cheek were at least two times higher than those between forehead and cheek. Regarding ΔΕ*ab,10 between lipsticks and cheeks, discrepancies with respect to average values were in the range 1.5–12.3%, although higher values of up to 54.2% were found for a white RGB LED. This white RGB LED provided the highest average colour‐inconstancy indices: 17.1 and 11.5 CIELAB units, under reference illuminants D65 and A, respectively.
Conclusion: Colour contrasts in women's faces under CIE standard illuminants for outdoor and indoor conditions may be strongly altered using specific white LEDs. More research needs to be performed on the impact of spectral power distribution of light sources with high colour rendering indices on visual colour appearance of cosmetic products.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2018 Society of Cosmetic Scientists and the Société Française de Cosmétologie. This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Melgosa, M. , Richard, N. , Fernández‐Maloigne, C. , Xiao, K. , Clermont‐Gallerande, H. , Jost‐Boissard, S. and Okajima, K. (2018), Colour differences in Caucasian and Oriental women's faces illuminated by white light‐emitting diode sources. Int J Cosmet Sci, 40: 244-255., which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/ics.12457. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Keywords: | CIELAB; colour difference; colour inconstancy; lipstick; skin colour; white LED |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Cultures (Leeds) > School of Design (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 17 May 2018 09:53 |
Last Modified: | 10 Apr 2019 00:43 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Wiley |
Identification Number: | 10.1111/ics.12457 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:130956 |