Hopkins, M orcid.org/0000-0002-7655-0215, Finlayson, G orcid.org/0000-0002-5620-2256, Duarte, C orcid.org/0000-0002-6566-273X et al. (6 more authors) (2019) Biological and psychological mediators of the relationships between fat mass, fat-free mass and energy intake. International Journal of Obesity, 43 (2). pp. 233-242. ISSN 0307-0565
Abstract
Background: While recent studies in humans indicate that fat-free mass (FFM) is closely associated with energy intake (EI) when in energy balance, associations between fat mass (FM) and EI are inconsistent. Objectives: The present study used a cross-sectional design to examine the indirect and direct effects of FFM, FM and resting metabolic rate (RMR) on EI in individuals at or close to energy balance. Methods: Data for 242 individuals (114 males; 128 females; BMI = 25.7 ± 4.9 kg/m2) were collated from the non-intervention baseline conditions of five studies employing common measures of body composition (air displacement plethysmography), RMR (indirect calorimetry) and psychometric measures of eating behaviours (Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire). Daily EI (weighed-dietary records) and energy expenditure (flex heartrate) were measured for 6-7 days. Sub-analyses were conducted in 71 individuals who had additional measures of body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and fasting glucose, insulin and leptin. Results: After adjusting for age, sex and study, linear regression and mediation analyses indicated that the effect of FFM on EI was mediated by RMR (P < 0.05). FM also independently predicted EI, with path analysis indicating a positive indirect association (mediated by RMR; P < 0.05), and a stronger direct negative association (P < 0.05). Leptin, insulin and insulin resistance failed to predict EI, but cognitive restraint was a determinant of EI and partially mediated the association between FM and EI (P < 0.05). Conclusions: While the association between FFM and EI was mediated by RMR, FM influenced EI via two separate and opposing pathways; an indirect ‘excitatory’ effect (again, mediated by RMR), and a stronger direct ‘inhibitory’ effect. Psychological factors such as cognitive restraint remain robust predictors of EI when considered alongside physiological determinants of EI, and indeed, have the potential to play a mediating role in the overall expression of EI.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2018 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. This is an author produced version of a paper published in International Journal of Obesity. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Keywords: | Energy intake, appetite regulation, body composition, fat mass, fat-free mass, resting metabolic rate, energy expenditure, energy balance |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Environment (Leeds) > School of Food Science and Nutrition (Leeds) > FSN Nutrition and Public Health (Leeds) The University of Leeds > Faculty of Medicine and Health (Leeds) > School of Psychology (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 16 Mar 2018 13:30 |
Last Modified: | 20 Feb 2019 15:56 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Springer Nature |
Identification Number: | 10.1038/s41366-018-0059-4 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:128578 |