Ullah, S, Akhtar, P and Zaefarian, G orcid.org/0000-0001-5824-8445 (2018) Dealing with endogeneity bias: The generalized method of moments (GMM) for panel data. Industrial Marketing Management, 71. pp. 69-78. ISSN 0019-8501
Abstract
Endogeneity bias can lead to inconsistent estimates and incorrect inferences, which may provide misleading conclusions and inappropriate theoretical interpretations. Sometimes, such bias can even lead to coefficients having the wrong sign. Although this is a long-standing issue, it is now emerging in marketing and management science, with high-ranked journals increasingly exploring the issue. In this paper, we methodologically demonstrate how to detect and deal with endogeneity issues in panel data. For illustration purposes, we used a dataset consisting of observations over a 15-year period (i.e., 2002 to 2016) from 101 UK listed companies and examined the direct effect of R&D expenditures, corporate governance, and firms' characteristics on performance. Due to endogeneity bias, the result of our analyses indicates significant differences in findings reported under the ordinary least square (OLS) approach, fixed effects and the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimations. We also provide generic STATA commands that can be utilized by marketing researchers in implementing a GMM model that better controls for the three sources of endogeneity, namely, unobserved heterogeneity, simultaneity and dynamic endogeneity.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2017 Elsevier Inc. This is an author produced version of a paper published in Industrial Marketing Management. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Keywords: | Endogeneity bias; Generalized method of moments; Methodological issues; Panel data |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Business (Leeds) > Marketing Division (LUBS) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 23 Nov 2017 15:05 |
Last Modified: | 10 Jan 2020 01:38 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | Elsevier |
Identification Number: | 10.1016/j.indmarman.2017.11.010 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:124363 |
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