McElroy, Con Robert orcid.org/0000-0003-2315-8153, Attard, Thomas Michael, Farmer, Thomas James orcid.org/0000-0002-1039-7684 et al. (4 more authors) (2017) Valorization of spruce needle waste via supercritical extraction of waxes and facile isolation of nonacosan-10-ol. Journal of Cleaner Production. 10. pp. 557-566. ISSN 0959-6526
Abstract
Supercritical carbon dioxide was utilized as a sustainable alternative to solvent extraction of waxes from the waste needles of two spruce species, namely Norwegian and Sitka spruce. These extracts were rich in nonacosan-10-ol, an organic compound with hydrophobic properties that lends its use in the preparation of superhydrophobic coatings. The highest crude yields were 1.7% w/w of needles obtained at 400 bar and 60 °C, while nonacosan-10-ol was selectively extracted at 200 bar and 60 °C (8070 ± 91.1 μg/g of needles). Purification of nonacosan-10-ol from the wax extracts was conducted using a simple rapid green recrystallization technique. This yielded a recovery of 44.6% ± 2% and 48.4% ± 2% of the total nonacosan-10-ol from the original crude Sitka (3600 μg/g of needles) and Norwegian wax (1920 μg/g of needles) respectively. Application of nonacosan-10-ol to a filter paper led to the formation of highly hydrophobic surfaces, with preliminary contact angles of up to 149°. This sustainable production method may develop opportunities to valorize forestry waste within a holistic biorefinery.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
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Authors/Creators: |
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Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | This is an author-produced version of the published paper. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher’s self-archiving policy. |
Dates: |
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Institution: | The University of York |
Academic Units: | The University of York > Faculty of Sciences (York) > Chemistry (York) |
Depositing User: | Pure (York) |
Date Deposited: | 04 Oct 2017 11:00 |
Last Modified: | 13 Feb 2025 05:25 |
Published Version: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.002 |
Status: | Published |
Refereed: | Yes |
Identification Number: | 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.002 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:122044 |
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