Rabizadeh, T, Stawski, TM, Morgan, DJ et al. (2 more authors) (2017) The Effects of Inorganic Additives on the Nucleation and Growth Kinetics of Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate Crystals. Crystal Growth & Design, 17 (2). pp. 582-589. ISSN 1528-7483
Abstract
The effects that 50–500 mM aqueous Li+, Na+, K+, and Mg2+ have on the crystallization kinetics of calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum; CaSO4·2H2O) were determined by in situ and time-resolved UV–vis spectrophotometry. The mechanisms of surface or structural associations between these additives and the end-product gypsum crystals were evaluated through a combination of inductively coupled plasma mass and/or optical emission spectrometric analyses of digested end-products and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the surface of the solids. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were utilized for determining any changes in phase composition and growth morphologies of the formed crystals. Our results revealed that Mg2+, even at low concentrations, decreased the nucleation and growth kinetics 5–10 fold more than Li+, Na+, and K+. In all cases, the additives also changed the shapes and sizes of the formed crystals, with Mg2+ and Li+ resulting in longer and narrower crystals compared to the additive-free system. In addition, we show that, regardless of concentration, Mg2+, Li+, and K+ only adsorb to the newly forming surfaces of the growing gypsum crystals, while ∼25% of Na+ becomes incorporated into the synthesized crystals.
Metadata
Item Type: | Article |
---|---|
Authors/Creators: |
|
Copyright, Publisher and Additional Information: | © 2016 American Chemical Society. This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Crystal Growth and Design, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.6b01441. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. |
Dates: |
|
Institution: | The University of Leeds |
Academic Units: | The University of Leeds > Faculty of Environment (Leeds) > School of Earth and Environment (Leeds) > Earth Surface Science Institute (ESSI) (Leeds) |
Depositing User: | Symplectic Publications |
Date Deposited: | 01 Mar 2017 12:47 |
Last Modified: | 20 Dec 2017 01:38 |
Published Version: | https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.6b01441 |
Status: | Published |
Publisher: | American Chemical Society |
Identification Number: | 10.1021/acs.cgd.6b01441 |
Open Archives Initiative ID (OAI ID): | oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:113002 |